Pope shenouda iii biography of barack obama

Head reminiscent of the Coptic Church from 1971 to 2012

Pope Shenouda III^[a] (3 August 1923 – 17 Foot it 2012)^[1] was the 117th Vicar of christ of Alexandria and Patriarch carryon the See of St. Indentation. His papacy lasted 40 life, 4 months, and 4 times, from 14 November 1971 awaiting his death.

His official honour was Pope of Alexandria final the Patriarch of All Continent on the Holy Apostolic Cathedra of Saint Mark the Gospeler, Father of fathers, Shepherd give a miss shepherds, Successor of Saint Fleck, thirteenth among the Apostles, Comprehensive Judge, Beloved of Christ. Proscribed was also the head entity the Holy Synod of glory Coptic Orthodox Church.

He was known as a conservative derive within the church,^[2] and was respected within the Muslim community.^[3]

He became a monk in 1954 under the name Father Antonios after joining the Syrian Charterhouse in Wadi El-Natrun. In 1958, he was elevated to prestige priesthood. In 1962, Pope Cyril VI summoned Fr.

Antonios be first consecrated him General Bishop practise Christian Education and as Senior of the Coptic Orthodox Ecclesiastical Seminary, whereupon he assumed interpretation papal name Shenouda, which was the name of the Christian saint Shenoute the Archimandrite, introduction well as two previous popes: Shenouda I and Shenouda II.

Following the death of Poet Cyril VI on 9 Walk 1971, the selection process resulted in Bishop Shenouda becoming rendering new Pope.

He was venerable inviolable on 14 November 1971. Next to his papacy, the Coptic sanctuary grew significantly outside of Empire. He appointed the first bishops for North American dioceses, which now contain more than 250 parishes, up from four get 1971. He also appointed dignity first Coptic bishops in Continent, Australia and South America.

Fundamentally Egypt, he struggled for honourableness welfare of his people gift the church. Pope Shenouda Troika was known for his promise to ecumenism and advocated inter-denominational Christian dialogue. He devoted rulership writings, teachings, and actions disruption propagating understanding, peace, dialogue, become calm forgiveness.

At the time livestock his death, Pope Shenouda Threesome was viewed as one near the Great Patriarchs of righteousness ancient Church of Alexandria, on the rocks well-known church father and tutor, a chief defender of primacy faith, and a noted Afroasiatic leader of the 20th extremity 21st centuries. He was predisposed the title ‘Teacher of Generations’ for his great talent struggle relaying complicated theological and in the opposite direction religious concepts in a plain, understandable and deeply spiritual procedure.

Early life

Shenouda III was first as Nazir Gayed Roufail (نظير جيد روفائيل, IPA:[nɑˈzˤiːɾˈɡæjjedɾʊfæˈʔiːl]) in authority village of Salaam, which administratively belongs to the Governorate domination Asyut in Upper Egypt however ecclesiastically belongs to the See of Manfalut. He was goodness youngest of a family all but eight children, five girls take three boys.

Among his siblings were Raphael (Rouphael) and Shawki (Fr. Botros Gayed, 1918–1996). Roufail's mother died shortly after monarch birth. He was raised incite his older brother, Raphael, have as a feature Damanhur in lower Egypt, circle he attended a Coptic Clear School. Soon after, he phoney at the American Middle Faculty in Banha.

He then stiff to Shubra, a suburb not later than Cairo, where he enrolled at the same height the Faith Senior Secondary.

From the age of 14, Roufail began reading poetry and misstep wrote many poems himself, fantastically between 1946 and 1962. Wishywashy the age of 16, filth was active in the Christian Sunday School movement.

He served as a Sunday school coach, first at Saint Anthony's Creed in Shoubra and then trim Saint Mary's Church in Mahmasha.^[4]

In 1943, Roufail enrolled in Port University (then called the Creation of King Fouad I) teaching towards a Bachelor of Bailiwick degree, majoring in English at an earlier time history.

Meanwhile, he spent her majesty summer vacations at the charterhouse of Saint Mary El-Sourian, extremely called the Syrian Monastery, make out Wadi El-Natrun. While a further education college student, he was a abecedarian in the Egyptian Military Believe Corps.

In 1946, while yet in his final year sustenance undergraduate studies, he was lawful to enroll in the dusk classes at the Coptic Religious Seminary.

The seminary was mostly open only to university graduates, but the dean of ethics Seminary, ArchdeaconHabib Girgis, made lever exception in the case flaxen Roufail. The personality of Habib Girgis was instrumental in placement that of the future bishop of rome, and Pope Shenouda always radius highly of Habib Girgis.

Roufail graduated from Cairo University get a feel for a BA in History exterior 1947.

After graduation, he extreme his military service, and began work as a teacher tip off English, history, and social sciences in a high school seep out Cairo. Meanwhile, he attended calibrate courses in archaeology and literae humaniores at Cairo University, specializing detect the History of Ancient Empire and Islamic Egypt. He diseased as a high school professor by day, and attended direction at the Coptic Theological Teach by night.

Upon graduation take the stones out of the seminary in 1949, explicit was appointed to teach New-found Testament and Old Testament Studies at the Seminary.^{[original research?]}. Load the same year, he became the editor-in-chief of the Positive School Monthly Magazine. In 1950, Roufail resigned from secular put into service to take up a full-time lecturing position at the sect.

In 1952 he was designate member of the Egyptian Annals Syndicate. In 1953, he was appointed a lecturer at rectitude Monastic College in Helwan, dues courses in theology there. Improve the same year, he began his dialogue with Jehovah's Witnesses, writing articles about their lore in the Sunday School Ammunition.

Nazir with others laboured good spirits several years to establish unembellished strong Sunday school and young manhood group at St Anthony's Religous entity in Shubra. His ministry aggregate b regain many devoted servants, who began establishing youth groups in swot parishes.

An avid reader, recognized was a keen student cosy up languages.

He spoke fluent Semitic (Standard, Egyptian and Sa'idi variants), English, French, and Amharic. Unwind could read Greek (ancient explode modern) and Latin as go well.

Monastic life and educational service

On 18 July 1954, Roufail hitched the Monastery of Saint Skeleton El-Souriani (commonly called the Asian Monastery) in Wadi El-Natrun demand the Nitrian Desert.

He was given the name of Clergyman Antonios el-Syriani (Anthony the Syrian). From 1956 to 1962, powder lived as a hermit girder a cave about seven miles from the monastery, dedicating diadem time to meditation, prayer, cope with asceticism. His austerity was humble to be exceptional even induce monastic standards.

On 31 Revered 1958, he was ordained importation a priest by Bishop Theophilus, then abbot of the Asiatic Monastery.

Antonios el-Syriani was halfway the candidates nominated for blue blood the gentry papal throne in 1959, nevertheless Father Mina el-Baramosy became Vicar of christ Cyril VI.^{[original research?]}

Bishop

On 30 Sept 1962, Pope Cyril VI suitable him to the bishopric late Christian Education and as Senior of the Coptic Orthodox Divine Seminary.

Cyril VI also renamed him Shenouda, in honour stare Saint Shenouda the Archimandrite, top-notch famous scholar and writer another the Coptic language.^[5]

Under Bishop Shenouda's leadership, the number of course group at the Coptic Orthodox Ecclesiastical Seminary tripled.^[5] Bishop Shenouda was suspended in 1966 by Vicar of christ Cyril VI,^[6][7] essentially because embodiment "campaigns for change" instigated shy Shenouda and his students.

These campaigns, among other things, named for the popular election personage bishops and priests, a grounds that Bishop Shenouda later operating when he became Pope revenue Alexandria. This conflict between Vicar of christ Cyril VI and Bishop Shenouda was later resolved.^{[citation needed]}

Pope with Patriarch

He was enthroned as Bishop of rome Shenouda III, the 117th Catholic of Alexandria and patriarch make a fuss over the See of St.

Etch on 14 November 1971, in effect nine months after the ephemerality of Pope Cyril VI stand for Alexandria. The ceremony was greatness first enthroning of a Egyptian pope to take place put in the new Saint Mark's Egyptian Orthodox Cathedral in Cairo.^{[citation needed]} He was the third Conqueror Patriarch to take the title Shenouda; his namesakes were Shenouda I (859–880) and Shenouda II (1047–1077).

Less than one twelvemonth after becoming Pope of rank Church of Alexandria, in Oct 1972, Pope Shenouda visited righteousness Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople elitist the Pope of Rome, flatter the first Alexandrian Pope drawback do so since the Chalcedonian Schism in 451 CE.^{[citation needed]}

In May 1973, he penned organized statement on the Nature flawless Christ that was agreed go on a goslow with the Roman Catholic Faith in a step towards reconcile the Christological dispute and stationary towards Christian unity.^[8] On 10 May 1973, he celebrated nobleness return by the Roman Wide Church of part of leadership relics of Pope Athanasius dying Alexandria.^{[citation needed]}

From 25 to 30 September 1974, he went cease a pastoral trip to take back the Ethiopian Church during birth reign of Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia.

Between 14 Apr and 23 May 1974, subside became the first Coptic catholic to visit North America as he visited the US wallet Canada. It was to understand the first of many visits to that part of rendering world during his long Authorities. He also visited Australia offend times: in 1989, 1991, 1993, 1995, 1996, and 2002. Subside conducted an extended Silver Carnival tour from 18 May appendix 20 December 1996 which took him to Europe, Canada, Army and Australia.

From 11 show to advantage 13 April 2008, he thought a second historical trip pass on to Ethiopia following the resolution forget about the strain in the pleasure between the two churches caused by the communist coup impossible to tell apart Ethiopia decades earlier.^{[citation needed]}

Political stances

Ten years into his papacy, find guilty 1981, Pope Shenouda III locked away famously fallen out with Mr big Anwar Sadat of Egypt.

Birth relationship between the two joe public deteriorated for several reasons.^[9]

• Since anticipate to power, President Sadat confidential started encouraging the growth reproduce Islamism in the country tempt a means to fight ideology groups and solidify his stir power. During the term disruption office of Sadat's predecessor, Gamal Abdul Nasser, Islamic groups much as the Muslim Brotherhood difficult been suppressed.
• Sadat had also reserved forward a constitutional amendment make certain would have allowed him plan stand for re-election as guide more than twice.

  To create the constitutional amendment more elegant to the populace, Sadat bundled it with another constitutional alteration declaring Islamic Sharia law probity main source of legislation, book action viewed as a juncture towards a more radically Islamic Egypt.

• Under Sadat, the Government loose a census in 1977 think it over understated the number of Christians even contradicting earlier released censuses.
• The years from 1972 to 1981 saw an escalation of brute force against the Christians of Empire culminating in a massacre familiar Christians in a poor partition of Cairo in 1981.
• Pope Shenouda was of the opinion turn this way Sadat's peace treaty with Zion was ill-timed and should own been part of a bigger comprehensive peace in the Centrality East.

Sadat was seen by Holy father Shenouda as becoming increasingly cruel following his acclaim in birth international arena for the without interruption accord with Israel.

In Sep 1981 Sadat rescinded the statesmanly decree of 1971 recognizing Pontiff Shenouda as Pope of Metropolis, and Pope Shenouda was exile by Sadat to the old desert monastery of St. Pishoy.^[10] However, the Christians of Empire continued to view Pope Shenouda as their Pope and one and only leader, and he continued be selected for conduct his duties from blue blood the gentry monastery; ecclesiastically, Sadat's decision was ineffective.

Sadat was assassinated cool month later, on 6 Oct 1981, by Islamic extremists, captivated in January 1985 Pope Shenouda III was fully reinstated wishywashy Sadat's successor, Hosni Mubarak.^[11]

Israel

Pope Shenouda III came into conflict adapt then-President Anwar Sadat over both the Camp David Accords gain what he said was ethics president's deficient response to green Islamism.^[12] After a series additional protests that led president Statesman to depose Pope Shenouda Troika, he was exiled by Statesman and sent to the Nitrian Desert, to return three duration after Sadat's assassination following propose amnesty by Sadat's successor Hosni Mubarak.

His stance toward Land was encapsulated by his words:

From the Arabic national location we should not abandon escort Palestinian brothers and our Semite brothers by normalising our interaction with the Jews ... Stay away from the church point of property value, Copts who go to Jerusalem betray their church in nobleness case of "Al-Sultan Monastery" go off at a tangent Israel refuses to give look after the Copts.

He also warned meander Copts who visited Jerusalem would face excommunication on the conjecture that there was "no journey duty in Christianity and think it over is not a religious turret castle, so since this visit jar do harm to our delicate cause and [to the] Monotheism and Christian people then awe better not visit Jerusalem." Purify added that Copts should one and only go to Jerusalem after calmness was established in the region.^[13] Some of the Coptic assets within the compound of excellence Church of the Holy Crypt (including the Coptic monastery locate as Deir El-Sultan) was commissioned to the Ethiopian Orthodox Religous entity.

The Coptic Orthodox Holy Convention, based on the direction chastisement Pope Shenouda III, also positive to ask Copts not equal visit Jerusalem until the sanctuary possessions and the monastery tweak returned. In 2006, the Immaterial Synod renewed the decree, goad Copts not to visit honourableness Christian holy places in Land, including Jerusalem.^[14]

Suicide bombers

In the wildfowl of the September 11 attacks, he said of suicide assault as a tactic that:^[13]

People who support and found reasons rap over the knuckles feel good over these incidents are doing more than facial appearance wrong thing: first, ignoring distinction tragedy of killing an unblemished group of people.

Second, need thinking about the reaction outline showing they found satisfaction change into the incidents. Third, they untidy heap considered accomplices in the delinquency. Fourth, they are committing spick wrongful act not approved saturate religion.

Persecution of Christians in Egypt

See also: Persecution of Copts

Persecution despoil Christians during Pope Shenouda III's reign was chiefly conducted by way of private individuals and organizations, specially radical Salafis, although the realm continued to enforce long-standing bright policies and engage in irregular Christian-baiting.^{[clarification needed]} Particularly in Luckless Egypt, the rise in fiend Salafi groups such as rectitude Gama'at Islamiya during the Decennium was accompanied by attacks demureness Copts and on Coptic churches.

The police have been criminal of siding with the attackers in some of these cases.^[15]

Hundreds of Coptic Christian girls imitate been kidnapped and forcibly satisfied to Islam, as well gorilla being victims of rape be proof against forced marriage to Muslim men.^[16][17]

On Sunday, 2 January 2000, 21 Coptic Christians in Kosheh commune, 450 kilometres south of Port, were massacred by Salafists.

Faith properties were also burned.^{[18][citation needed]} Later, a criminal court propitious Sohag governorate released all 89 defendants charged in the Kosheh massacre without bail. Pope Shenouda III rejected the verdict brashly, and told reporters, "We compel to challenge this ruling. Incredulity don't accept it." As decency court sentence could not remark appealed, Pope Shenouda III said: "We will appeal this decision before God."^[19]

In April 2006, skirt person was killed and 12 injured in simultaneous knife attacks on three Coptic churches captive Alexandria.^[20]

In November 2008, several integer Muslims attacked a Coptic communion in a suburb of Port on the day of warmth inauguration, forcing 800 Coptic Christians to barricade themselves in.^[21]

In Apr 2009, two Christian men were shot dead and another was injured by Muslim men make something stand out an Easter vigil in rectitude south of Egypt.^[22]

On 18 Sept 2009, a Muslim man christian name Osama Araban beheaded a Christian Christian man in the city of Bagour and injured 2 others in 2 different villages.

He was arrested the adjacent day.^[23]

On the eve of 7 January 2010, as worshippers were leaving the Mar-Yuhanna (St. John) church in Nag Hammadi care Eastern Christmas Mass (which finishes around midnight), three Muslim other ranks in a car opened fervour, killing 8 Christians and injuring another 10.^[24][25]

On New Year's Give to 2011, just 20 minutes pinpoint midnight as Christians were walk away a Coptic Orthodox Church stop in full flow the city of Alexandria later a New Year's Eve assistance a car bomb exploded injure front of the church cause offense more than 23 and injuring more than 75.^[26][27][28]

On 7 Can 2011, an armed group have Islamists, including Salafists, attacked don set fire to two churches including Saint Menas Coptic Disproportionate Christian Church and the Christian Church of the Holy Vestal, in Cairo.

The attacks resulted in the deaths of 12 people and more than 230 wounded. It is reported think about it the events were triggered tough a mixed marriage between organized Christian woman and a Islamic man.^[29]

Successive Egyptian governments have extended held in place laws dump hampered the freedom of Religionist worship and restricted the legal to build or even refit churches.

They maintained and necessary Ottoman-era Hamayouni Decree restrictions disgrace building or repairing churches. These governments also restricted Christians hit upon senior government, diplomatic, military, topmost educational positions, and there has been increasing discrimination in high-mindedness private sector.^[16][30] The government authorized various media outlets to set upon Christianity and restricted Christians' appeal to the state-controlled media belong defend themselves or speak their minds.^[30]

Security agencies sporadically persecuted Islamic converts to Christianity.^[30] In Empire the government does not seemingly recognize conversions from Islam done Christianity; because certain interfaith marriages are not allowed either, that prevents marriages between converts agree to Christianity and those born bear hug Christian communities, and also prudent in the children of Christianly converts being classified as Muslims and given a Muslim education.^[30]

Church growth

The papacy of Pope Shenouda III saw an expansion fairhaired the Coptic Orthodox Church reap North America.

While there were only four Coptic Orthodox churches in all of North Usa in 1971, today there bony more than 250 parishes (214 in the United States, 38 in Canada and one copy Mexico).^[31][32] Pope Shenouda established greatness first diocese in the belongings of immigration for the Christian Orthodox Patriarchate in 1991, goodness Diocese of Birmingham; and suitable the general bishop for decency United Kingdom at the halt in its tracks, Bishop Missael to oversee hammer by consecrating and enthroning him as its bishop.

Relations disagree with other churches

Pope Shenouda III was well known for his dedication to ecumenism.^[33] In 1973, Bishop of rome Shenouda III became the pull it off Coptic Orthodox Pope of Metropolis to meet the Bishop bring to an end Rome in over 1,500 existence. In this visit, Pope Shenouda III and Pope Paul VI signed a common declaration soothe the issue of Christology weather agreed to further discussions limb Christianity.^[34] There were also dialogues with various Protestant churches worldwide.^{[citation needed]}

In an address he gave at an ecumenical forum as the International Week of Petition in 1974, he declared, "The whole Christian world is concerned to see the church coalesce.

Christian people, being fed draw with divisions, are pushing their church leaders to do stress about church unity and Uncontrolled am sure that the Hallowed Spirit is inspiring us."^[35]

Ethiopian Sanctuary conflict

Following the arrest and circumstances of Abune Tewophilos, Patriarch replicate Ethiopia, by the Derg conditions that had deposed Emperor Haile Selassie in 1974, Pope Shenouda III refused to recognise Abune Takla Haymanot, who was installed as Tewophilos' successor.

He, far ahead with the Holy Synod, argued that the removal of Superior Abune Tewophilos was illegal lecture contrary to canon law, sort it was an act exempt political interference. In the perception of the Coptic Church, Abune Tewophilos remained the legitimate senior of Ethiopia.

Though Patriarch Tewophilos was said to have antiquated executed, the government of Abyssinia did not acknowledge that that had happened.

Thus, the Christian Orthodox Church of Alexandria refused to recognise any other Elder as long as Abune Tewophilos' death had not been fixed. Formal ties between the Christian Church and Ethiopia were proliferate severed, although they remained shamble full communion. Formal relations betwixt the two churches resumed frontier 13 July 2007.^[36]

Theological disputes

Pope Shenouda III was involved in ecclesiastical disagreements concerning the issue unbutton theosis—the transforming effect of religious grace.

He published eight booklets explaining his view of theosis and lectured on the course in the theological seminary indicate Cairo and also in significance seminary of Alexandria. Following high-mindedness death of Father Matta Highlevel meeting Meskeen, who held an incompatible view, Pope Shenouda III finish warnings against those views.^[37][38] Answer addition to his dispute go-slow Fr.

Matta El Meskeen, Shenouda got into theological disputes understand Hany Mina Mikhail, George Habib Bebawi—whom he infamously excommunicated—and Henein Abd El Messih.^{[citation needed]}

Illness roost death

In the months prior be Pope Shenouda's death, rumours, which were denied by the Downcast Synod, had spread through Cairo's Coptic community that he challenging fallen into a coma.

Soil regularly flew to the Common States for medical treatment post, according to his doctor elegance "[suffered] from kidney disease tolerate diabetes."^[39][40]

Pope Shenouda III died not working 17 March 2012 (8 Paremhat 1728 in the Coptic calendar)^[41] of lung and liver complications^[42] at his official residence in a minute after returning from medical violence abroad.^[43] He had stopped charming medication because he was also weak.^[44] However, Sherine Tadros, grand Coptic reporter for Al Jazeera English, reported that he difficult to understand been in good spirits former to his death.^[3] The interment took place after three generation of lying in state;^[45] pull 20 March, he was covered at the Monastery of Dear Pishoy^[44] in Wadi el-Natrun,^[46] fluky accordance with his wishes.

Oppidan Pachomious of Beheira and Pentapolis was appointed to take let pass papal duties until the discretion of a new Pope, being the second-most-senior Metropolitan in greatness Holy Synod in age rear 1 Anba Mikhail. Due to top failing health and age, Mikhail delegated this duty to City Pachomios during the first cessation of hostilities of the Holy Synod sustenance Shenouda's death.^[45]

Domestic reactions

During the quick, an estimated one million allude to more mourners^[43] were said pick on have visited his body bonus St.

Mark's Cathedral, causing shipping jams stretching for kilometres.^[45] Distinction body was taken out raise the coffin and lay shaggy dog story a seated position on nifty ceremonial throne dressed in gold- and red-embroidered vestments, a yellowish mitre upon his head drag a gold-tipped staff in authority hand.

Many Coptic figures breakout across the world started top return to the country teach pay their respects and uncalled-for towards the selection of well-ordered new pope.^[43] Mourners from beyond Egypt went to Saint Flaw Cathedral in Abbaseya to allocation their respects.^[47] Bells tolled pimple Cairo's Abbasiya district, where probity primary cathedral of the Christian Church is located.^[48] So big was the crowd of mourners gathering in Cathedral Square misinform pay their respects that unite were killed and 137 stung in a crush as distinction queue to view the item of the deceased pope expanded for more than one kilometer.^[49][50][51] Viewing was cut short funding the tragedy, and the communion was closed to the public.^[50]

Political and religious reactions to wreath death came from across blue blood the gentry Egyptian spectrum and internationally.

Greatness Supreme Council of the Barbed Forces issued a statement divergence Facebook that expressed their necessitate of "preserving the unity stop Egypt and the unity custom its social fabric".^[43] It auxiliary that with the loss, honesty country should "consolidate with converse in other in order to achievement with Egypt towards security attend to stability."^[52] Its leader, Field Assemble Mohamed Hussein Tantawi, decreed several days of mourning for Christians working for state institutions.^[46] Picture Muslim Brotherhood's Freedom and Objectiveness Party's Speaker of Parliament Saad Katatni said of Shenouda's have killed that Egypt had lost "one of its national icons, put in order man who left a weakness in the political arena tear a critical time."^[53] The bracket together also issued a statement undiluted by the party's chairman Mohamed Morsi that stated Shenouda's sure was "a long journey keep in good condition big contribution in various comedian domestically and abroad." Prime Evangelist Kamal el-Ganzouri's statement read: "I give my sincere condolences stop the Coptic brothers home be first abroad.

[He was a] state character and a symbol fancy patriotism and he gained international company respect and appreciation from decency Egyptian people." Former Prime Clergyman Essam Sharaf called Shenouda fastidious "devout clergyman, a good phase and a valuable leader. ... His vision was always prowl Egypt is not the express that we live in; on the contrary the country that lives fence in us." Upcoming presidential candidates too issued statements.

Ahmed Shafiq put into words that his death was splendid loss to Egypt because recognized was a "unique religious head of state and a distinguished character value the national history. Coptic faith will pass this hard uncomplicated because of the great birthright of Pope Shenouda;" Amr Moussa said that Pope Shenouda Troika was "a great man who was working for the interests of the country.

He was working for Egypt to bow to as a unified front despoil the challenges facing the nation;" and Abdel Moneim Aboul Fotouh's campaign issued a statement language that Fotouh had spoken accurate the church's bishop for salad days, Bishop Moussa, to express tiara condolences to both the Egyptian Church and Copts.^[52]

Al-Nour Party's Comrades of Parliament walked out during the time that a minute's silence was kept for Shenouda, with a understanding spokesman saying that "a to some extent of silence does not endure in Islam."^[53]

Sheikh Ahmed el-Tayeb, integrity grand imam of al-Azhar Home, said that "Egypt has missing one of its rare soldiers at a sensitive moment during the time that it most needs the wisest of its wise – their expertise and their purity confiscate minds;"^[45] he also added desert he "greatly remembers his imagination towards Jerusalem and its history."^[43]Social media was said to the makings abuzz with memorials as convulsion as criticism of Shenouda.^[54]

International reactions

• Holy See – In a catch the eye of condolence to Copts, nobleness Roman CatholicPope Benedict XVI said: "I recall with gratitude government commitment to Christian Unity, her majesty memorable visit to my forerunner Pope Paul VI, and their signing of the Joint Account of Faith in the Expression of the Son of Demigod together in Rome, on 10 May 1973, as well similarly his Cairo meeting with Saint John Paul II during decency Great Jubilee of the Bodying forth, on 24 February 2000.

  Unrestrainable can say how the Universal Church as a whole shares the grief that afflicts magnanimity Orthodox Copts, and how she stands in fervent prayer begging that He, who is say publicly Resurrection and the Life, firmness welcome his faithful servant."^[55] Take action offered prayers for the thrice blessed Pope Shenouda on goodness day of his death^[56] advocate was said to share glory pain of Copts over Bishop of rome Shenouda's repose.^[57]

Director of the Sacred See Press Office Federico Lombardi said that Benedict XVI coveted that "the Lord welcomes that great pastor" and added rove "we will never forget probity meeting between Pope Shenouda Cardinal and Pope John Paul II in Cairo on the moment of his pilgrimage to Duty Sinai [in 2000]..."^[56] A cost attributed to him read: "The Catholic Church shares in rendering grief and prayers of Christian Christians in mourning the obliterate of their spiritual leader...May rank Lord welcome this great herd and give him the payment he deserves for his service."^[45][58]

• Iran – Deputy Foreign Minister Hossein Amir-Abdollahian praised Shenouda for "constructive and lasting efforts to clear up peace and justice" and offered his condolences to the Egyptian Orthodox Church and Copts.^{[citation needed]}
• United States of America – Gaffer Barack Obama said of Shenouda that "we will remember Vicar of christ Shenouda III as a gentleman of deep faith, a head of a great faith, explode an advocate for unity significant reconciliation...a beloved leader of Egypt's Coptic Christians and an justify for tolerance and religious dialogue."^[46] He also added that "Michelle and I are saddened in close proximity learn of the passing noise Coptic Christian Pope Shenouda Triad, a beloved leader of Egypt's Coptic Christians and an champion for tolerance and religious conference.

  We stand alongside Coptic Christians and Egyptians as they indignity his contributions in support remark peace and cooperation. [His] consignment to Egypt's national unity level-headed also a testament to what can be accomplished when masses of all religions and creeds work together."^[52]

Secretary of State Mountaineer Clinton expressed her condolences inveigle behalf of the United States to the Egyptian people^[59] bear said: "As we reflect wish his life and legacy, awe reaffirm our support to glory future peace and prosperity confront Egypt.

Our thoughts and prayers are with the Egyptian liquidate and all those who rue Pope Shenouda III."^[44]

Bibliography

Awards

In 2000, Catholic Shenouda III was awarded goodness UNESCO-Madanjeet Singh Prize for excellence Promotion of Tolerance and Non-Violence by UNESCO Director-General Koichiro Matsuura on the recommendation of exceeding international jury.

The award was "for promoting exchange and profligacy between Christianity and Islam draw today's Middle East and king deep concern to pursue conference with all the great pious faiths and his major character in forging ecumenical links tally up all other members of interpretation Christian family throughout the planet."^[64] In 2003 he received say publicly Al-Gaddafi International Prize for In the flesh Rights.^[65]

Honorary degrees

Honours

See also

Notes

References