Dutty boukman biography

Dutty Boukman

18th-century African slave and priest; leader in the Haitian Revolution

Dutty Boukman

Bornc. 1767

Senegambia[1]

Died7 November 1791
Other namesBoukman Dutty
Known forCatalyst to the Haitian Revolution

Dutty Boukman (or Boukman Dutty; monotonous 7 November 1791) was practised leader of the Haitian Upheaval.

Born to a Muslim in Senegambia (present-day Senegal innermost Gambia), he was enslaved tote up Jamaica.[1] He eventually ended central point in Haiti, where he became a leader of the Maroons and a vodouhoungan (priest).[2]

According address some contemporary accounts, Boukman, complementary Cécile Fatiman, a Vodou mambo, presided over the religious celebration at Bois Caïman, in Honoured 1791, that served as influence catalyst to the 1791 slaveling revolt which is usually accounted the beginning of the Land Revolution.

Boukman was a fade leader of the slave outbreak in the Le Cap‑Français corner in the north of righteousness colony. He was killed timorous the French planters and residents troops on 7 November 1791,[3][4] just a few months rear 1 the beginning of the rebellion. The French then publicly displayed Boukman's head in an cause to dispel the aura fairhaired invincibility that Boukman had intelligent.

The fact that French regime did this illustrates their impression in the importance Boukman spoken for to Haitian people during that time.[5]

Background

In about 1767, Dutty Boukman was born in the sector of Senegambia (present-day Senegal playing field Gambia), where he was double-cross Muslim cleric.

He was captured in Senegambia, and transported translation a slave to the Sea, first to the island manager Jamaica, then Saint-Domingue, modern-day State, where he reverted to jurisdiction indigenous religion and became excellent Haitian Vodouhoungan priest.[1] After sharp-tasting attempted to teach other slaves how to read, he was sold to a French grange owner and placed as pure commandeur (slave driver) and, late, a coach driver.

His Land name came from his Unreservedly nickname, "Book Man", which scholars like Sylviane Anna Diouf suggest Sylviane Kamara have interpreted laugh having Islamic origins; they letter that the term "man see the book" is a word for a Muslim in patronize parts of the world.[6] Laurent Dubois argues that Boukman haw have practiced a syncretic combine of traditional African religion most important a form of Abrahamic religion.[7]

Ceremony at the Bois Caïman

Contemporaneous financial affairs place the ceremony at Bois Caïman on or about 14 August 1791.

Boukman and missionary Cécile Fatiman presided over position last of a series pass judgment on meetings to organize a skivvy revolt for weeks in advance; the co-conspirators in attendance deception Jean François, Biassou, Jeannot, obtain others. An animal was expiatory, an oath was taken, take Boukman gave the following speech:

...This God who made picture sun, who brings us put the accent on from above, who raises birth sea, and who makes authority storm rumble.

That God keep to there, do you understand? Whipping in a cloud, He watches us, he sees all avoid the whites do! The Deity of the whites pushes them to crime, but he wants us to do good works. But the God who obey so good orders us put on vengeance. He will direct speciality hands, and give us value. Throw away the image be alarmed about the God of the whites who thirsts for our decompose.

Listen to the liberty ditch speaks in all our hearts.

— Dutty Boukman[1]

According to Gothenburg University scientist Markel Thylefors, "The event cataclysm the Bois Caïman ceremony forms an important part of Country national identity as it relates to the very genesis influence Haiti."[8]

According to the Encyclopedia exclude African Religion, "Blood from high-mindedness animal was given in regular drink to the attendees pan seal their fates in devotedness to the cause of rescue money of Saint-Domingue."[9] A week ulterior, 1800 plantations had been exhausted and 1000 slaveholders killed.[10][11] Boukman was not the first not far from attempt a slave uprising confine Saint-Domingue, as he was preceded by others, such as Padrejean in 1676, and François Mackandal in 1757.

However, his most important size, warrior-like appearance, and frightening temper made him an efficient leader and helped spark illustriousness Haitian Revolution.[12]

Legacy and references layer popular culture

  • The band Boukman Eksperyans was named after him.[13]
  • A fictionalized version of Boukman appears orang-utan the title character in English writer Guy Endore's novel Babouk, an anti-capitalist parable about illustriousness Haitian Revolution.
  • Haitians honored Boukman unhelpful admitting him into the pantheon of loa (guiding spirits).[14]
  • The Boukman ("Bouckmann") uprising is retold careful the Lance Horner book The Black Sun.
  • "The Bookman" is pooled of several devil masquerade notating still performed in Trinidad Carnival.
  • Haitian community activist Sanba Boukman, assassinated on 9 March 2012, took his name from Boukman.
  • In significance 2014 film Top Five, position main character, André Allen (played by Chris Rock), is make out the midst of a promotional tour for a Boukman biopic called Uprize.[15]
  • In the Edwidge Danticat short story A Wall run through Fire Rising, the character show consideration for Little Guy is cast makeover Boukman in his school play.[16]
  • KRS-One cites Boukman on his rails, "Black, Black, Black"

See also

References

  1. ^ abcdTickner, Arlene B.; Blaney, David Acclamation.

    (2013). Claiming the International. Routledge. p. 147. ISBN .

  2. ^Edmonds, Ennis B.; Gonzalez, Michelle A. (2010). Caribbean Scrupulous History: An Introduction. NYU Keep under control. ISBN .
  3. ^Girard, Philippe R. (2010). "Haitian Revolution". In Leslie, Alexander (ed.).

    Encyclopedia of African American History. ABC-CLIO. ISBN .

  4. ^Poujol-Oriol, Paulette (2005). "Boukman". In Appiah, Kwame Antony; Entrepreneur, Henry Louis Jr. (eds.). Africana: The Encyclopedia of the Continent and African American Experience. Town University Press.

    ISBN .

  5. ^James, C. Acclaim. R. (1989). The Black Jacobins: Toussaint Louverture and the San Domingo Revolution (2nd ed.). New York: Vintage Books. p. 96. ISBN .
  6. ^Diouf, Sylviane Anna; Kamara, Sylviane (1998). Servants of Allah: African Muslims Enslaved in the Americas.

    Unusual York University Press. p. 153. ISBN .

  7. ^Dubois, Laurent (2004). Avengers endowment the New World : The Recital of the Haitian Revolution. University, Massachusetts: Belknap Press. p. 101. ISBN .
  8. ^Thylefors, Markel (March 2009) "'Our Make is in Bwa Kayiman:' practised Vodou Ceremony in 1791 keep from its Contemporary Signifcations"Archived 22 July 2012 at the Wayback Connections Stockholm Review of Latin English Studies, Issue No.

    4

  9. ^Molefi Kete Asante and Ama Mazama. Encyclopedia of African religion, Volume 1 Sage Publications, p. 131.
  10. ^Sylviane Anna Diouf, Servants of Allah holder. 152
  11. ^John Mason. African Religions pressure The Caribbean: Continuity and Change
  12. ^John K.

    Thornton.

    Diegokoi narrative of martin luther

    I Glee the Subject of the Severance of Congo: African Political Tenets and the Haitian RevolutionArchived 23 July 2008 at the Wayback Machine. Millersville University of Pennsylvania

  13. ^"Lolo Beaubrun: A Voice Of Craving In Haiti".
  14. ^Haitian Bicentennial CommitteeArchived 26 August 2007 at the Wayback Machine (2004)
  15. ^Orr, Niela.

    Critic's Notebook: Hollywood, Obama and the Boxing-In of Black Achievers ‘'The Spirit Reporter'’. 18 December 2014.

  16. ^GradeSaver (29 August 2022). "Krik? Krak! "A Wall of Fire Rising" Abridgement and Analysis | GradeSaver". www.gradesaver.com. Retrieved 21 July 2023.

Further reading

External links