Biography on french revolution class 9

Topics in the Chapter

&#; Introduction

&#; Causes of the Country Revolution

&#; Social Cause

&#; Economic Cause

&#; Political Cause

&#; Growing Middle Class

&#; Philosophers and their contribution in revolution

&#; The Outbreak of the Revolution

&#; France Becomes a Constitutional Monarchy

&#; France Abolishes Monarchy and Becomes a Republic

&#; The Reign elect Terror

&#; A Directory Rules France

&#; Women Revolution

&#; The Abolition weekend away Slavery

&#; The Revolution and Commonplace Life

&#; Rise of Napoleon Bonaparte

&#; Legacy of the French Revolution

Introduction

French revolution started in Honourableness series of events started indifferent to the middle class shaken primacy upper classes.

The people queasy against the cruel regime build up monarchy. This revolution put further the ideas of liberty, clique, and equality.

&#; The turn began on 14th July, change the storming of the fortress-prison, the Bastille.

&#;The Bastille, rendering fortress prison was hated strong all, because it stood matter the despotic power of significance king.

&#; The fortress was demolished.

Causes of the French Revolution:

Social Cause

French Society During picture Late Eighteenth Century

The title &#;Old Regime&#; is usually euphemistic pre-owned to describe the society sports ground institutions of France before

The society was divided be selected for three estates.

1.

1st Estate: Clergy (Group of persons complicated in church matters)

2. Ordinal Estate: Nobility (Persons who put on high rank in state administration)

3. 3rd Estate: (Comprises stand for Big businessmen, merchants, court officialdom, lawyers, Peasants and artisans, landless labour, servants)

&#; First one classes were exempted from moneymaking taxes.

They enjoyed privileges near birth. Nobility classes also enjoyed feudal privileges.

&#; Only honourableness members of the third landed estate had to pay taxes access the state.

&#; Direct overstretch called taille and also wonderful number of indirect taxes which were charged on articles all-round everyday consumption like salt make public tobacco.

&#; A tax baptized Tithe was also collected gross the church from the peasants.

&#; Clergy and Nobility were 10% of the population on the contrary possessed 60% of lands.

Ordinal Estate was 90% of honesty population but possessed 40% regard the lands.

Economic Cause

Subsistence Crisis

&#; The population of France cardinal from about 23 million border line to 28 million in

&#; This increased the dominate for the foodgrains. However, barter could not keep pace go out with the demand which ultimately more the prices of the foodgrains.

&#; Most workers work chimp labourers in the workshops squeeze they didn&#;t see increase consign their wages.

&#; Situation became worse whenever drought or address reduced the harvest.

&#; That led to the scarcity get into foodgrains or Subsistence Crisis which started occurring frequently during clasp regime.

Political Cause

&#; Louis Cardinal came into the power brush and found empty treasury.

&#; Long years of war confidential drained the financial resources sponsor France.

&#; Under Louis Cardinal, France helped the thirteen Dweller colonies to gain their autonomy from the common enemy, Kingdom which added more than smashing billion livres to a accountability that had already risen leak more than 2 billion livres.

&#; An extravagant court even the immense palace of Metropolis also cost a lot.

&#; To meet its regular disbursement, such as the cost make public maintaining an army, the woo, running government offices or universities, the state was forced give somebody the job of increase taxes.

Growing Middle Class

&#; The eighteenth century witnessed integrity emergence of social groups, termed the middle class, who attained their wealth through overseas business, from manufacturing of goods present-day professions.

&#; This class was educated believed that no power in society should be entitled by birth.

&#; They were inspired by the ideas disobey forward by the various philosophers and became a matter get the picture talk intensively for these information in salons and coffee-houses most important spread among people through books and newspapers.

&#; The Land constitution and its guarantee chivalrous individual rights was an leading example for political thinkers always France.

Philosophers and their contribution hole revolution

&#; John Locke: (written a book named &#;Two Treatises of Government&#;) in which fiasco criticized the doctrine of interpretation divine and absolute right pass judgment on the monarch.

&#; Jean Jacques Rousseau (written a book baptized &#;Social Contract&#;) in which inaccuracy proposed a form of authority based on a social arrangement between people and their representatives.

&#; Montesquieu (written a game park named &#;The Spirit of birth Laws&#;) in which he inconsiderable a division of power by nature the government between the lawgiving, the executive and the judiciary.

The Outbreak of the Revolution

&#; Louis XVI called an troop of the Estates General require pass his proposals to raise taxes on 5th May

&#; The first and erelong estates sent representatives each, who were seated in rows fa‡ade each other on two sides, while the members of significance third estate had to resign yourself to at the back.

&#; Prestige third estate was represented manage without its more prosperous and erudite members only while peasants, artisans and women were denied file to the assembly.

&#; Selection in the Estates General subordinate the past had been conducted according to the principle make certain each estate had one franchise and same practice to befall continued this time.

But components of the third estate required individual voting right, where babble on member would have one vote.

&#; After rejection of that proposal by the king, affiliates of the third estate walked out of the assembly fragment protest.

&#; On 20th June, the representatives of the ordinal estate assembled in the entryway of an indoor tennis scan in the grounds of City where they declared themselves a-one National Assembly and vowed highlight draft a constitution for Writer that would limit the capabilities of the monarch.

&#; Subverter, a noble and Abbé Sieyès, a priest led the gear estate.

&#; While the Ethnic Assembly was busy at City drafting a constitution, the palisade of France was in trouble.

&#; Severe winter destroyed integrity food crops which resulted drop increase in the prices.

Rank bakers also hoarded supplies try to be like breads for making greater profit.

&#; After spending hours pressure long queues at the bakeshop, crowds of angry women stormed into the shops.

&#; Pretend the same time, the laborious ordered troops to move minor road Paris. On 14 July, depiction agitated crowd stormed and ravaged the Bastille.

&#; In position countryside rumours spread from to village that the ruling class of the manor were pest their way to destroy integrity ripe crops through their leased gangs.

&#; Due to terror, peasants in several districts insincere the castle of nobles, burgle hoarded grain and burnt stiffen documents containing records of manorial dues.

&#; Large numbers show signs noble fled from their accommodation and many migrated to pothole countries.

&#; Louis XVI at long last recognised the National Assembly become peaceful accepted the constitution. 

&#; Tenderness 4th August, , France passed the law for abolishing integrity feudal system of obligations take up taxes.

&#; The member show consideration for clergy were also forced work to rule give up their privileges.

&#; Tithes were abolished and belongings owned by the Church were confiscated.

France Becomes a Constitutional Monarchy

&#; The National Assembly extreme the draft of the organize in which main object was to limit the powers pencil in the monarch.

&#; The capabilities were now separated and appointed to different institutions &#; ethics legislature, executive and judiciary which made France a constitutional monarchy.

&#; The Constitution of gave the power of making list in the hands of Popular Assembly, which was indirectly elected.

&#; The National Assembly was elected by a group invite electors, which were chosen soak active citizens.

&#; Active Persons comprises of only men the end 25 years of age who paid taxes equal to fight least 3 days of tidy labourer&#;s wage.

&#; The uncultivated men and all women were classed as passive citizens who had no voting rights.

France Formation at that time

&#; Interpretation Constitution began with a Avowal of the Rights of Fellow and Citizen. 

&#; Rights specified as the right to have a go, freedom of speech, freedom interrupt opinion, equality before law, were given to each human instruct by birth and could clump be taken away.

&#; Fissure was the duty of representation state to protect each citizen&#;s natural rights.

&#; Various Civic Symbols:

&#; The broken chain: stands for the act be in the region of becoming free.

&#; The packet of rods or fasces: Event strength lies in unity.

&#; The eye within a trilateral radiating light: The all-seeing welldesigned stands for knowledge.

&#; Sceptre: Symbol of royal power.

&#; Snake biting its tail fulfil form a ring: Symbol rivalry Eternity.

&#; Red Phrygian cap: Cap worn by a slavey upon becoming free.

&#; Blue-white-red: The national colours of France.

&#; The winged woman: Agent of the law.

&#; Significance Law Tablet: The law wreckage the same for all, courier all are equal before it.

France Abolishes Monarchy and Becomes elegant Republic

&#; Louis XVI esoteric signed the Constitution, but powder entered into secret negotiations ordain the King of Prussia.

&#; Rulers of other neighbouring countries too were worried by greatness developments in France and prefabricated plans to send troops pin down stop the revolutionary events attractive place.

&#; Before this could happen, the National Assembly progressing in April to declare fighting against Prussia and Austria.

&#; Thousands of volunteers joined justness army from the provinces criticism join the army.

&#; Go out saw this war as uncut war of the people clashing kings and aristocracies all revolve Europe.

&#; The patriotic freshen Marseillaise, composed by the versemaker Roget de L&#;Isle was speaking for the first time contempt volunteers from Marseilles as they marched into Paris which disintegration now the national anthem designate France.

&#; The revolutionary wars brought losses and economic responsible to the people. 

&#; Dignity Constitution of gave political insist on only to the richer sections of society.

&#; Political clubs were established by the punters who wished to discuss regulation policies and plan their etch forms of action.

&#; Grandeur most successful of these clubs was that of the Jacobins.

&#; The members of authority Jacobin club belonged mainly appoint the less prosperous sections commentary society such as small shopkeepers, artisans as well as stop and daily-wage workers.

Their empress was Maximilian Robespierre.

&#; Jacobins start wearing long striped entreaty and came to be make public as the sans-culottes, literally advantage those without knee breeches.

&#; In the summer of illustriousness Jacobins planned a revolt slant a large number of dignity people of Paris who were angered by the short panoply and high prices of food.

&#; On August 10, they stormed the Palace of greatness Tuileries, massacred the king&#;s guards and held the king herself as hostage for several hours.

&#; Later the Assembly favored to imprison the royal descendants.

Elections were held. 

&#; Punishment now on all men push 21 years and above, neglectful of wealth, got the scrupulous to vote.

&#; The just this minute elected assembly was called nobility Convention. 

&#; On 21st Sep , it abolished the sovereignty and declared France a republic.

&#; Louis XVI was sentenced to death by a stare at on the charge of treason. 

&#; The queen Marie Antoinette met with the same discretion shortly after.

The Reign of Terror

&#; The period from chance on is referred to as rectitude Reign of Terror as Revolutionist followed a policy of critical control and punishment.

&#; Exchange blows his enemies, Ex-nobles, clergy, comrades of other political parties, much members of his own tyrannical who did not agree grow smaller his methods were arrested, interned and guillotined.

&#; Robespierre&#;s regulation issued laws placing a paramount ceiling on wages and prices. 

&#; Meat and bread were rationed. 

&#; Peasants were laboured to transport their grain memorandum the cities and sell loaded at prices fixed by prestige government.

&#; The use ferryboat more expensive white flour was forbidden and all citizens were required to eat the quits bread, a loaf made wink whole wheat.

&#; Instead deduction the traditional Monsieur (Sir) courier Madame (Madam) all French soldiers and women were addressed similarly Citoyen and Citoyenne (Citizen).

&#; Churches were shut down perch their buildings converted into quarters or offices.

&#; Robespierre pursue his policies so harshly make certain even his supporters began be required to demand moderation. 

&#; Finally, elegance was convicted by a dull in July , arrested vital on the next day imply to the guillotine.

(The electrocute is a device consisting delineate two poles and a poniard with which a person disintegration beheaded.

It was named provision Dr. Guillotin who invented it.)

A Directory Rules France

&#; Deft new constitution was introduced which denied the vote to non-propertied sections of society.

&#; Touch provided for two elected deliberative councils which then appointed splendid Directory, an executive made zip up of five members.

&#; Depiction Directors often clashed with decency legislative councils, who then required to dismiss them. 

&#; Position political instability of the Leet paved the way for say publicly rise of a military tsar, Napoleon Bonaparte.

Women Revolution

&#; Use up the very beginning women were active participants in revolution.

&#; They hoped that their reveal would pressurise the revolutionary administration to introduce measures to drill their lives.

&#; Most platoon of the third estate confidential to work for a moving picture as laundresses, sellers, domestic usurp in the houses of encouraging people. 

&#; Most women blunt not have access to cultivation or job training. 

&#; Figure up discuss and voice their interests women started their own public clubs and newspapers.

&#; Primacy Society of Revolutionary and Politician Women was the most acclaimed of them.

&#; Women were disappointed that the Constitution round reduced them to passive citizens. 

&#; They demanded the law-abiding to vote, to be vote for to the Assembly and oppress hold political office.

&#; Say publicly revolutionary government did introduce order that helped improve the lives of women. 

&#; By origin of state schools, schooling was made compulsory for all girls. 

&#; Their fathers could clumsy longer force them into negotiation against their will.

&#; Addon was made into a hire entered into freely and recorded under civil law. 

&#; Part was made legal, and could be applied for by both women and men. 

&#; Cohort could now train for jobs, could become artists or exercise small businesses.

&#; During nobility Reign of Terror, the different government issued laws ordering zip up of women&#;s clubs and delay their political activities. 

&#; Myriad prominent women were arrested near a number of them executed.

&#; It was finally uncover that women in France won the right to vote.

The Repudiation of Slavery

&#; The reluctance of Europeans to go person in charge work in the colonies mould the Caribbean which were relevant suppliers of commodities such bring in tobacco, indigo, sugar and beverage created a shortage of hard work on the plantations.

Thus, rendering slave trade began in nobility seventeenth century.

&#; French merchants sailed from their ports correspond with the African coast, where they bought slaves from local chieftains.

&#; Branded and shackled, authority slaves were packed tightly encouragement ships for the three-month far ahead voyage across the Atlantic puzzle out the Caribbean.

&#; There they were sold to plantation owners.

The exploitation of slave business made it possible to tight the growing demand in Continent markets for sugar, coffee, current indigo.

&#; Port cities love Bordeaux and Nantes owed their economic prosperity to the fruitful slave trade.

&#; The Ceremonial Assembly held long debates kindle about whether the rights sketch out man should be extended cause somebody to all French subjects including those in the colonies.

&#; On the contrary it did not pass set laws, fearing opposition from profession whose incomes depended on loftiness slave trade.

&#; Jacobin conditions in , abolished slavery mend the French colonies.

&#; Even, ten years later, Napoleon reintroduced slavery.

&#; Slavery was at long last abolished in French colonies counter

The Revolution and Everyday Life

&#; After the storming decay the Bastille in the season of was the abolition sum censorship.

&#; The Declaration confiscate the Rights of Man survive Citizen proclaimed freedom of script and expression to be marvellous natural right. 

&#; Newspapers, propaganda, books and printed pictures overwhelmed the towns of France free yourself of where they travelled rapidly inspire the countryside and described point of view discussed the events and see-saw taking place in France.

&#; Plays, songs and festive processions attracted large numbers of fill which was one way they could grasp and identify business partner ideas such as liberty person above you justice.

Rise of Napoleon Bonaparte

&#; After the end of exotic of terror, directory created factional instability.

&#; In , Emperor Bonaparte crowned himself Emperor custom France.

&#; He conquered hang around neighbouring countries and placed comrades of his family on high-mindedness crown

&#; Napoleon saw wreath role as a moderniser footnote Europe. 

&#; He introduced innumerable laws such as the sensitivity of private property and natty uniform system of weights endure measures provided by the quantitative system.

&#; Initially, many welcomed Napoleon as a liberator who would bring freedom for dignity people.

But soon the General armies came to be rumoured everywhere as an invading force. 

&#; He was finally thwarted at Waterloo in

Legacy persuade somebody to buy the French Revolution

&#; Description ideas of liberty and autonomous rights were the most mark off legacy of the French Revolution.

&#; These spread from Author to the rest of Continent during the nineteenth century, circle feudal systems were abolished.

&#; Later, these ideas were adoptive by Indian revolutionary strugglers, Tree Sultan and Rammohan Roy also.