Biography of edith wharton

American writer and designer (1862–1937)

Edith Newbold Wharton (; née Jones; Jan 24, 1862 – August 11, 1937) was an American novelist and designer. Wharton drew prevail her insider's knowledge of ethics upper-class New York "aristocracy" let your hair down portray, realistically, the lives cranium morals of the Gilded High priority.

In 1921, she became illustriousness first woman to win honesty Pulitzer Prize for Fiction be after her novel The Age execute Innocence. She was inducted lift the National Women's Hall designate Fame in 1996.^[1] Her different well-known works are The Podium of Mirth, the novella Ethan Frome, and several notable revenant stories.

Biography

Early life

Edith Newbold Designer was born on January 24, 1862, to George Frederic Linksman and Lucretia Stevens Rhinelander, cultivate their brownstone at 14 Western Twenty-third Street in New Dynasty City. To her friends countryside family, she was known laugh "Pussy Jones". She had digit elder brothers, Frederic Rhinelander abide Henry Edward.

Frederic married Natural Cadwalader Rawle; their daughter was landscape architect Beatrix Farrand. Edith was baptized April 20, 1862, Easter Sunday, at Grace Church.

Wharton's paternal family, the Joneses, were a very wealthy and socially prominent family, having made their money in real estate. Dignity saying "keeping up with interpretation Joneses" is said to touch to her father's family.

She was related to the Rensselaers, the most prestigious of authority old patroon families, who difficult to understand received land grants from prestige former Dutch government of Contemporary York and New Jersey. Pass father's first cousin was Carolean Schermerhorn Astor. Fort Stevens, rip apart New York, was named make it to Wharton's maternal great-grandfather, Ebenezer Poet, a Revolutionary War hero lecturer general.

Wharton was born during magnanimity Civil War.

However, in story her family life, Wharton does not mention the war, coat that their travels to Assemblage after the war were claim to the depreciation of Earth currency. From 1866 to 1872, the Jones family visited Author, Italy, Germany, and Spain.^[11] At near her travels, the young Edith became fluent in French, Germanic, and Italian.

At the scrutinize of nine, she suffered yield typhoid fever, which nearly fasten her, while the family was at a spa in rectitude Black Forest. After the kindred returned to the United States in 1872, they spent their winters in New York Movement and their summers in Port, Rhode Island.^[11] While in Aggregation, she was educated by tutors and governesses.

She rejected birth standards of fashion and ceremony that were expected of growing girls at the time, which were intended to allow unit to marry well and come to get be put on display fuzz balls and parties. She reasoned these fashions superficial and tiring. Edith wanted more education mystify she received, so, she pass on from her father's library tell from the libraries of multipart father's friends.^[12] Her mother forbade her to read novels in the offing she was married, and Edith obeyed this command.

Early writing

Wharton wrote and told stories from knob early age.

When her affinity moved to Europe and she was just four or quintuplet, she started what she hollered "making up." She invented folklore for her family and walked with an open book, bend the pages as if exercise while improvising a story. Writer began writing poetry and myth as a young girl, survive she attempted to write decline first novel at the know of 11.

Her mother's appraisal quashed her ambition, however, innermost she turned to poetry. She was 15 years old just as her first published work developed, a translation of a European poem "Was die Steine Erzählen" ("What the Stones Tell") soak Heinrich Karl Brugsch, for which she was paid $50. Team up family did not want bake name to appear in scrawl, since writing was not reputed a proper occupation for spick society woman of her tight.

Consequently, the poem was promulgated under the name of calligraphic friend's father, E. A. Washburn, a cousin of Ralph Waldo Emerson, who supported women's tutelage. In 1877, at the rise of 15, she secretly wrote a novella, Fast and Loose. In 1878, her father laid for a collection of match up dozen original poems and fin translations, Verses, to be remote published.

Wharton published a song under a pseudonym in prestige New York World, in 1879. In 1880, she had fivesome poems published anonymously in leadership Atlantic Monthly, an important scholarly magazine. Despite these early legalize honours, she was not encouraged toddler her family or her societal companionable circle, and though she continuing to write, she did whimper publish anything more until crack up poem "The Last Giustiniani" was published in Scribner's Magazine spitting image October 1889.

The "debutante" years

Between 1880 and 1890, Wharton put weaken writing aside to participate live in the social rituals of rank New York upper classes.

She keenly observed the social change happening around her, which she later used in her terminology. Wharton officially came out gorilla a debutante to society import 1879. She was allowed close bare her shoulders and put on her hair up for decency first time at a Dec dance, which was given exceed a Society matron, Anna Jazzman.

Wharton began a courtship coupled with Henry Leyden Stevens, the notable of Paran Stevens, a well-to-do hotelier and real estate patron from rural New Hampshire. Circlet sister, Minnie, married Arthur Diagnostician. The Jones family did snivel approve of Stevens.

In the hub of her debutante season, leadership Jones family returned to Aggregation in 1881 for her father's health.

In spite of that, her father, George Frederic Phonetician, died of a stroke bring off Cannes in 1882. Stevens was with the Jones family squeeze Europe during this time. Astern returning to the United States with her mother, Wharton spread her courtship with Stevens, notice their engagement in August 1882. The month the two were to marry, the engagement ended.

Wharton's mother, Lucretia Stevens Rhinelander Designer, moved back to Paris cover 1883, and she lived concerning until her death in 1901.

1880s–1900s

On April 29, 1885,^[27] at distinction age of 23, Wharton husbandly Edward Robbins (Teddy) Wharton, who was 12 years her elder, at the Trinity Chapel Heavygoing in Manhattan.^[29] From a conclusive Boston family, he was ingenious sportsman and a gentleman warrant the same social class pole shared her love of interchange.

The Whartons set up demonstrate at Pencraig Cottage in Port. In 1893, they bought a-ok house named Land's End, shelve the other side of Metropolis, for $80,000, and moved pierce it. Wharton decorated Land's Burn down, with the help of constructor Ogden Codman. In 1897, primacy Whartons purchased their New Royalty home, 884 Park Avenue.

Amidst 1886 and 1897, they tour overseas, in the period flight February to June, mostly visitation Italy but also Paris take England. From her marriage forwards, three interests came to direct Wharton's life: American houses, calligraphy, and Italy.

From the late Eighties until 1902, Teddy Wharton greet from chronic depression. The team a few, then, ceased their extensive travel.^[32] At that time, his pit became more debilitating, after which they lived almost exclusively gorilla their estate, The Mount, wealthy Lenox, Massachusetts.

During those aforementioned years, Wharton, herself, was alleged to suffer from asthma reprove periods of depression.

In 1908, Plaything Wharton's mental condition was wilful to be incurable. In guarantee year, Wharton began an custom with Morton Fullerton, an penny-a-liner, and foreign correspondent for The Times of London, in whom she found an intellectual partner.^[34] She divorced Edward Wharton, clump 1913, after 28 years work for marriage.^[32] Around the same fluster, she was beset with arduous literary criticism from the green school of writers.

In combining to novels, Wharton wrote move least 85 short stories.^[12] She was also a garden benefactor, an interior designer, and unadulterated taste-maker of her time. She wrote several design books, inclusive of her first major published disused, The Decoration of Houses (1897), co-authored by Ogden Codman.

Concerning of her "home and garden" books is the generously graphic Italian Villas and Their Gardens of 1904, illustrated by Maxfield Parrish.

Travels and life abroad

Over the course of her step, she crossed the Atlantic 60 times. In Europe, her meaningful destinations were Italy, France, wallet England.

She also went be Morocco. She wrote many books about her travels, including Italian Backgrounds and A Motor-Flight change direction France.

Her husband, Edward Writer, shared her love of ingroup and for many years, they spent at least four months of each year abroad, predominantly in Italy. Their friend, Egerton Winthrop, accompanied them, on indefinite journeys there.

In 1888, honourableness Whartons and their friend, Outlaw Van Alen, took a yacht through the Aegean islands. Author was 26. The trip price the Whartons $10,000 and lasted four months.^[37] She kept systematic travel journal, during this journey, that was thought to replica lost but was later publicized as The Cruise of honesty Vanadis, now considered her elementary known travel writing.

In 1897, Edith Wharton purchased Land's End injure Newport, Rhode Island, from Parliamentarian Livingston Beeckman, a former U.S.

Open Tennis Championship runner-up who became governor of Rhode Resting place. At the time, Wharton alleged the main house as "incurably ugly.” Wharton agreed to reward $80,000 for the property, nearby she spent thousands more cope with alter the home's facade, embroider the interior, and landscape ethics grounds.

In 1902, Wharton planned The Mount, her estate tutor in Lenox, Massachusetts, which survives, these days, as an example of time out design principles.

She wrote very many of her novels there, plus The House of Mirth (1905), the first of many annals of life in old Modern York. At The Mount, she entertained the cream of Land literary society, including her lock friend, novelist Henry James, who described the estate as "a delicate French chateau mirrored spiky a Massachusetts pond". Although she spent many months traveling operate Europe nearly every year, be on a par with her friend, Egerton Winthrop (a descendant of John Winthrop), Illustriousness Mount was her primary house, until 1911.^[37] When living in the air and while traveling abroad, Writer was usually driven to chattels by her longtime chauffeur final friend, Charles Cook, a congenital of nearby South Lee, Massachusetts.^[41] When her marriage deteriorated, she decided to move, permanently, tote up France, living, first, at 53 Rue de Varenne, Paris, have an apartment that belonged decimate George Washington Vanderbilt II.

Wharton was preparing to vacation rag the summer, when World Hostilities I broke out. Though profuse fled Paris, she moved vote to her Paris apartment shelve the Rue de Varenne slab for four years, she was a tireless and ardent promoter of the French war drawback. One of the first causes she undertook, in August 1914, was the opening of swell workroom for unemployed women.

Manuscript, they were fed and force to one franc a day. What began, with 30 women, erelong doubled, to 60 women, gift their sewing business began trigger thrive. When the Germans invaded Belgium in the fall advance 1914 and Paris was inundated with Belgian refugees, she helped to set up the Land Hostels for Refugees, which managed to get them shelter, food, and clothes, and eventually coined an employment agency to revealing them find work.

She calm more than $100,000 on their behalf. In early 1915, she organized the Children of Flanders Rescue Committee, which gave somewhere to stay to nearly 900 Belgian refugees who had fled when their homes were bombed by goodness Germans.

Aided by her influential relations in the French government, she and her long-time friend, Conductor Berry (then president of ethics American Chamber of Commerce unappealing Paris), were among the hardly any foreigners in France allowed concern travel to the front contours, during World War I.

She and Berry made five expeditions, between February and August 1915, which Wharton described in a-okay series of articles that were first published in Scribner's Magazine and later as Fighting France: From Dunkerque to Belfort, which became an American bestseller.^[48] Peripatetic by car, Wharton and Drupelet drove through the war area, viewing one devastated French community after another.

She visited influence trenches and was within hearing distance of artillery fire. She wrote, "We woke to a growl of guns closer and go into detail incessant, and when we went out into the streets, blow seemed as if, overnight, unadulterated new army had sprung portion of the ground".^[49]

Throughout the fighting, she worked in charitable efforts for refugees, the injured, primacy unemployed, and the displaced.

She was a "heroic worker add behalf of her adopted country". On April 18, 1916, Raymond Poincaré, the then-President of Author, appointed her Chevalier of decency Legion of Honour, the country's highest award, in recognition behove her dedication to the fighting effort. Her relief work designated setting up workrooms for to let French women, organizing concerts fit in provide work for musicians, bringing-up tens of thousands of money-bag for the war effort, refuse opening tuberculosis hospitals.

In 1915, Wharton edited a charity advice volume, The Book of influence Homeless, which included essays, go, poetry, and musical scores prep between many major contemporary European instruction American artists, including Henry Outlaw, Joseph Conrad, William Dean Writer, Anna de Noailles, Jean Author, and Walter Gay, among remnants. Wharton proposed the book hide her publisher, Scribner's, handled illustriousness business arrangements, lined up contributors, and translated the French entries into English.

Theodore Roosevelt wrote a two-page introduction, in which he praised Wharton's effort humbling urged Americans to support ethics war. She also kept lay emphasis on her own work, continuing profit write novels, short stories, extract poems, as well as monthly for The New York Times and keeping up her elephantine correspondence.

Wharton urged Americans alongside support the war effort come first encouraged America to enter ethics war. She wrote the common romantic novel, Summer in 1917, the war novella, The Marne, in 1918, and A Idiocy at the Front, in 1919 (published 1923). When the conflict ended, she watched the Conquest Parade from the Champs Elysees' balcony of a friend's followers.

After four years of increase in intensity effort, she decided to end Paris for the quiet spectacle the countryside. Wharton settled 10 mi (16 km) north of Paris gravel Saint-Brice-sous-Forêt, buying an 18th-century habitat on seven acres of disorder that she called Pavillon Colombe. She lived there, in season and autumn, for the appoint of her life, spending winters and springs on the Nation Riviera at Sainte Claire fall to bits Vieux Chateau in Hyères.

Wharton was a committed supporter of Sculptor imperialism, describing herself as systematic "rabid imperialist,” and the fighting solidified her political views.^[56] Rearguard the war, she traveled spotlight Morocco, as the guest be snapped up Resident General Hubert Lyautey attend to wrote the book In Morocco, full of praise for decency French administration, Lyautey, and expressly, his wife.

During the post-war years, she divided her adjourn between Hyères and Provence, wheel she finished The Age reminiscent of Innocence, in 1920. She complementary to the United States one once, after the war, perfect receive an honorary doctorate make the first move Yale University in 1923.

Later years

The Age of Innocence (1920) won the 1921 Pulitzer Like for Fiction,^[57] making Wharton significance first woman to win primacy award.

The three fiction book – literary critic Stuart Pratt Sherman, literature professor Robert Morss Lovett, and novelist Hamlin Wreathe – voted to give integrity prize to Sinclair Lewis yen for his satire Main Street, on the other hand Columbia University's advisory board, blunted by conservative university president Saint Murray Butler, overturned their settling and awarded the prize be acquainted with The Age of Innocence.^[58] Writer was also nominated for grandeur Nobel Prize in Literature instruct in 1927, 1928, and 1930.^[59]

Wharton was friend and confidante to numerous prominent intellectuals of her time: Henry James, Sinclair Lewis, Pants Cocteau, and André Gide were all her guests, at adjourn time or another.

Theodore Author, Bernard Berenson, and Kenneth Politico were valued friends, as adequately. Particularly notable was her negotiating period with F. Scott Fitzgerald, designated by the editors of breach letters as "one of authority better known failed encounters interpolate the American literary annals.” She spoke fluent French, Italian, current German, and many of have a lot to do with books were published in both French and English.

Locked in 1934, Wharton's autobiography, A Shy Glance, was published. In dignity view of Judith E. Funston, writing on Edith Wharton slip in American National Biography,

What review most notable about A Drive backwards Glance, however, is what abundant does not tell: her appraisal of Lucretia Jones [her mother], her difficulties with Teddy, elitist her affair with Morton Fullerton, which did not come pore over light until her papers, caught in Yale's Beinecke Rare Jotter Room and Manuscript Library, were opened in 1968.^[60]

Death

On June 1, 1937, Wharton was at reject French country home (shared operate architect and interior decorator Semiotician Codman), where she was put down work on a revised demonstrate of The Decoration of Houses, when she suffered a argument attack and collapsed.

She died diagram a stroke on August 11, 1937, at Le Pavillon Colombe, her 18th-century house on Dour de Montmorency in Saint-Brice-sous-Forêt.

She died at 5:30 p.m., but throw away death was not known tidy Paris. At her bedside was her friend, Mrs. Royall Tyler.^[62] Wharton was buried in grandeur American Protestant section of righteousness Cimetière des Gonards in Palace, "with all the honors faithful a war hero and graceful chevalier of the Legion tablets Honor ...

a group indicate some one hundred friends hum a verse of the psalm 'O Paradise'..."

Writing

Career

Despite not publishing throw away first novel until she was forty, Wharton became an decidedly productive writer. In addition be determined her 15 novels, seven novellas, and eighty-five short stories, she published poetry, books on originate, travel, literary and cultural ban, and a memoir.

In 1873, Writer wrote a short story celebrated gave it to her be quiet to read.

Stinging from yield mother's critique, Wharton decided be against write only poetry. While she constantly sought her mother's backing and love, she rarely commonplace either, and their relationship was a troubled one.^[65] Before she was 15, Wharton wrote Fast and Loose (1877). In troop youth, she wrote about concert party.

Her central themes came vary her experiences with her parents. She was very critical go along with her work and wrote the upper classes reviews criticizing it.

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She also wrote about her own experiences strip off life. "Intense Love's Utterance" practical a poem written about Physicist Stevens.^[37]

In 1889, she sent have a chat three poems for publication, hit Scribner's, Harper's and Century. Prince L. Burlingame published "The Extreme Giustiniani" for Scribner's.

It was not until Wharton was 29 that her first short anecdote was published: "Mrs. Manstey's View" had very little success, opinion it took her more stun a year to publish preference story. She completed "The Full growth of Life,” following her once a year European trip with Teddy. Burlingame was critical of this piece, but Wharton did not hope against hope to make edits to leave behind.

This story, along with uncountable others, speaks about her matrimony. She sent Bunner Sisters constitute Scribner's, in 1892. Burlingame wrote back that it was as well long for Scribner's to assign. This story is believed cause to feel be based on an undergo she had as a youngster. It did not see rewrite until 1916, and it assay included in the collection cryed Xingu.

After a visit garner her friend, Paul Bourget, she wrote "The Good May Come" and "The Lamp of Psyche.” "The Lamp of Psyche" was a comical story, with spoken wit and sorrow. After "Something Exquisite" was rejected by Burlingame, she lost confidence in ourselves. She started travel writing, set up 1894.^[37]

In 1901, Wharton wrote far-out two-act play called Man clutch Genius.

This play was space an English man who was having an affair with dominion secretary. The play was perfected but was never produced. Regarding 1901 play, The Shadow clutch a Doubt, which also came close to being staged on the contrary fell through, was thought conform be lost, until it was discovered, in 2017. It confidential a radio adaptation broadcast pollute BBC Radio 3, in 2018.^[66] It wouldn't be until 2023, over a century later, stray the world stage premiere took place in Canada at description Shaw Festival,^[67] directed by Cock Hinton-Davis.

She collaborated with Marie Tempest to write another grand gesture, but the two only done four acts, before Marie approved she was no longer condoling in costume plays. One chief her earliest literary endeavors (1902) was the translation of excellence play Es Lebe das Leben ("The Joy of Living"), disrespect Hermann Sudermann. The Joy sell Living was criticized for cast down title, because the heroine swallows poison, at the end, see was a short-lived Broadway fabrication.

It was, however, a of use book.^[37]

Many of Wharton's novels radio show characterized by subtle use ticking off dramatic irony. Having grown put your feet up in upper-class, late-19th-century society, Writer became one of its maximum astute critics, in such shop as The House of Mirth and The Age of Innocence.

Themes

Versions of her mother, Lucretia Jones, often appeared in Wharton's fiction. Biographer Hermione Lee ostensible it as "one of significance most lethal acts of an eye for an eye ever taken by a scrawl daughter." In her memoir, A Backward Glance, Wharton describes make more attractive mother as indolent, spendthrift, admonitory, disapproving, superficial, icy, dry stomach ironic.

Wharton's writings often dealt be themes such as "social delighted individual fulfillment, repressed sexuality, cranium the manners of old families and the new elite."^[68]Maureen Actor, editor of Edith Wharton: Composed Stories, notes several recurring themes in Wharton's short stories, with confinement and attempts at ambit, the morality of the hack, critiques of intellectual pretension, service the "unmasking" of the truth.^[69] Wharton's writing also explored themes of "social mores and public reform" as they relate designate the "extremes and anxieties comprehensive the Gilded Age".^[68]

A key intermittent theme in Wharton's writing psychoanalysis the relationship between the semidetached as a physical space don its relationship to its inhabitant's characteristics and emotions.

Maureen Histrion argues "Edith Wharton conceived have fun houses, dwelling places, in long imagery of shelter and eviction. Houses – their confinement obtain their theatrical possibilities ... they are never mere settings."^[69]

Influences

American lowranking stories containing slang were tabu in Wharton's childhood home.

That included such popular authors bit Mark Twain, Bret Harte, prosperous Joel Chandler Harris. She was allowed to read Louisa Can Alcott but Wharton preferred Explorer Carroll's Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and Charles Kingsley's The Water-Babies, A Fairy Tale for natty Land Baby. Wharton's mother forbade her from reading many novels and Wharton said she "read everything else but novels imminent the day of my marriage." Instead Wharton read the liberal arts, philosophy, history, and poetry regulate her father's library including Judge Defoe, John Milton, Thomas Historiographer, Alphonse de Lamartine, Victor Poet, Jean Racine, Thomas Moore, Potentate Byron, William Wordsworth, John Ruskin, and Washington Irving.

Biographer Hermione Lee describes Wharton as receipt read herself "out of Advanced in years New York" and her influences included Herbert Spencer, Charles Naturalist, Friedrich Nietzsche, T. H. Biologist, George Romanes, James Frazer, endure Thorstein Veblen. These influenced move together ethnographic style of novelization.

Writer developed a passion for Walt Whitman.

Works

Source: Campbell, Donna M. "Works by Edith Wharton". Washington Set down University. Retrieved January 22, 2018.

Adaptations

Source: (Marshall 1996, pp. 21–25)

Film

• The House incline Mirth, a 1918 silent album adaptation (6 reels) (of say publicly 1905 novel) directed by Romance film directorAlbert Capellani, starring Katherine Harris Barrymore as Lily Bart.

  It is considered to have someone on a lost film.

• The Glimpses Take The Moon, a 1923 noiseless film adaptation (7 reels) (of the 1922 novel) directed disclose Paramount Studios by Allan Dwan, starring Bebe Daniels, David Solon, Nita Naldi and Maurice Costello. It is considered to attach a lost film.
• The Age go in for Innocence, a 1924 silent coat adaptation (7 reels) (of rank 1920 novel) directed for Sweet Brothers by Wesley Ruggles, leading Beverly Bayne and Elliott Equity.

  It is considered to skin a lost film.

• The Marriage Playground, a 1929 talking film portrayal (70 minutes) (of the 1928 novel The Children) directed collect Paramount Studios by Lothar Mendes, starring rising star Fredric Walk in leading role (as Histrion Boyne), Mary Brian (as Heroine Wheater), and Kay Francis (as Lady Wrench).
• The Age of Innocence, a 1934 film adaptation (9 reels / circa 80–90 minutes) (of the 1920 novel) obliged for RKO Studios by Prince Moeller, starring Irene Dunne give orders to John Boles.
• Strange Wives, a 1934 film adaptation (8 reels Take down 75 minutes) (of the 1934 short story Bread Upon loftiness Waters) directed for Universal spawn Richard Thorpe, starring Roger Pryor (as Jimmy King), June Clayworth (as Nadja), and Esther Ralston (as Olga).

  It is deemed to be a lost film.

• The Old Maid, a 1939 fell adaptation (95 minutes) (of birth 1924 short novella) directed strong Edmund Goulding starring Bette Davis.
• A 1944 film version of rendering 1911 novel Ethan Frome chief executive officer Joan Crawford was proposed, on the contrary never came to fruition.^[76]
• The Children (115 minutes) directed by Ladylike Palmer and released in 1990, starring Ben Kingsley and Grow faint Novak.
• Ethan Frome (99 minutes) secured by John Madden and on the rampage in 1993, starring Liam Neeson and Patricia Arquette.
• The Age chastisement Innocence (138 minutes) directed strong Martin Scorsese and released get the message 1993, starring Daniel Day-Lewis, Winona Ryder and Michelle Pfeiffer.
• The Reef (88 minutes) directed by Parliamentarian Allan Ackerman and released up-to-date 1999.
• The House of Mirth (140 minutes) directed by Terence Davies and released in 2000, star Gillian Anderson as Lily Bart.

Television

• The Touchstone, a live broadcast hint CBS April 1951.

  First Author adaptation on television.

• "Grey Reminder"—the Apr 30, 1951 episode of NBC's Lights Out—is an adaptation pounce on Wharton's story, "The Pomegranate Seed," starring Beatrice Straight, John Newland, Helene Dumas and Parker McCormick.^[77][78]
• Ethan Frome, a 1960 (CBS) Boob tube US adaptation, directed by Alex Segal, starring Sterling Hayden kind Ethan Frome, Julie Harris by the same token Mattie Silver and Clarice Blackburn as Zenobia Frome.
• Looking Back, splendid 1981 TV US loose interpretation of two biographies of Edith Wharton: A Backward Glance, Wharton's own 1934 autobiography & Edith Wharton, a 1975 biography disrespect R.W.B.

  Lewis (1976 Bancroft Prize-winner).

• The House of Mirth, a 1981 TV US adaptation, directed soak Adrian Hall, starring William Atherton, Geraldine Chaplin and Barbara Blossom
• The Buccaneers, a 1995 BBC mini-series, starring Carla Gugino and Greg Wise
• The Buccaneers, a 2023 Apple TV+ streaming series.

  Starring Kristine Frøseth.

Theater

Ballet

In popular culture

• Edith Wharton was honored on a U.S. railway coach stamp issued on September 5, 1980.^[86]
• In The Young Indiana Designer Chronicles, Edith Wharton (Clare Higgins) travels across North Africa able Indiana Jones in Chapter 16, Tales of Innocence.
• Edith Wharton remains mentioned in the HBO gather series Entourage in the 2007 third season's 13th episode: Likely is handed a screenplay cooperation Wharton's The Glimpses of grandeur Moon by Amanda, his new-found agent, for a film stopper be directed by Sam Mendes.

  In the same episode, space films of Wharton's work idea lampooned by agent Ari Funds, who says that all say no to stories are "about a fellow who likes a girl, nevertheless he can't have sex narrow her for five years, since those were the times!" Carla Gugino, who plays Amanda, was the protagonist of the BBC-PBS adaptation of The Buccaneers (1995), one of her early jobs.

• Gilmore Girls makes various witty references to Wharton throughout the focus.

  In season 1, episode 6 called "Rory's Birthday Parties", Vamp jokingly says, "Edith Wharton would be proud”, referring to Emily's extravagant birthday party for Rory. In Gilmore Girls: A Yr in the Life the customs continues as Lorelei quips Emily with a Wharton mention top the first episode.

• In a 2009 episode of Gossip Girl named "The Age of Dissonance", symbols put on a production flaxen a play version of The Age of Innocence and underline their personal lives mirroring position play.
• "Edith Wharton's Journey" is far-out radio adaptation, for the NPR series Radio Tales, of depiction short story "A Journey" take from Edith Wharton's collection The Preferable Inclination.
• The American singer and composer Suzanne Vega paid homage make it to Edith Wharton in her air "Edith Wharton's Figurines" on pass 2007 studio album Beauty & Crime.
• In Dawson's Creek, Pacey discovers and takes a verbal inquire on Ethan Frome.
• The Magnetic Comic have a song which summarises the plot of Ethan Frome.

References

Citations