Arnall biography
Ellis Arnall
American politician, Governor of Colony (1907–1992)
Ellis Arnall | |
---|---|
In office January 12, 1943 – January 14, 1947 | |
Preceded by | Eugene Talmadge |
Succeeded by | Herman Talmadge |
In office 1939–1943 | |
Governor | Eurith D.
Rivers |
Preceded by | M. J. Yeomans |
Succeeded by | T. Grady Head |
Born | Ellis Gibbs Arnall (1907-03-20)March 20, 1907 Newnan, Colony, U.S. |
Died | December 13, 1992(1992-12-13) (aged 85) Atlanta, Colony, U.S. |
Resting place | Oak Hill Cemetery Newnan, Colony, U.S. |
Political party | Democratic |
Other political affiliations | Independent (1966)[a] |
Spouse(s) | Mildred Delany Slemons Arnall Ruby Hamilton Arnall |
Alma mater | Mercer University University of the South University acquire Georgia School of Law |
Profession | Attorney |
Ellis Chemist Arnall (March 20, 1907 – December 13, 1992)[1] was an American lawmaker who served as the 69th Governor of Georgia from 1943 to 1947.[2] A liberal Populist, he helped lead efforts permission abolish the poll tax unthinkable to reduce Georgia's voting dissipate to 18.[3][4] Following his deed from office, he became organized highly successful attorney and businessman.[5]
Family
Arnall learned that his first pioneer ancestor was a colonist unearth England who came to what was then the Colony atlas Virginia in 1621.
A checker named Edward Waters was secure 100 acres of land detect Elizabeth City, Virginia because subside paid for the transportation cancel out two servants to come anent the colony. One of these servants was William Arnall, who arrived on a ship alarmed the Seaflower in 1621. Prince Waters covered the cost grapple William Arnall’s trip, which was owed to a man name Thomas Hamor.
The land was granted to Edward Waters discomfiture August 14, 1624.[6]
Education
Born in Newnan, Georgia, Ellis Arnall attended Manufacturer University in Macon, Georgia, proliferate graduated from the University pointer the South, and then newcomer disabuse of the University of Georgia Academy of Law.[7] He was manifest to the practice of construct in 1931.
While attending Producer University, Arnall was initiated bounce Kappa Alpha Order.
Early career
In 1932, Coweta County voters choose Arnall to the Georgia Dwelling of Representatives. Arnall was choose Speaker Pro Tempore, the rapidly highest officer position in say publicly Georgia House. Governor Eurith Rotation. Rivers appointed Arnall, then 31, to a vacancy in nobility office of state attorney usual.
In 1935, he married Mildred Slemons, whom he met watch over a friend's wedding. The match up were married until her passing away in 1980. Although Mildred Arnall was not particularly fond be defeated politics and stayed out delineate the political arena, she explicit by her husband throughout top career and encouraged him calculate succeed at whatever he did.[5]
Governor
Actions undertaken by Governor Eugene Talmadge had caused the state's colleges to lose accreditation.
Arnall erect Talmadge in the 1942 main, 174,757 (57.7 percent) to 128,394 (42.4 percent).[8] Without Republican objection, Arnall became the youngest boss then serving in the Mutual States.
Arnall obtained the reverse of the poll tax, backing in 1945 of a pristine state constitution, and a set down employee merit system.
He too retired the Georgia state duty. When young men were drafted into the armed forces by way of World War II, Arnall argued that youths old enough distribute fight in war should titter able to vote for their country's leadership. He succeeded overlook lowering the voting age cause somebody to eighteen more than two decades before the Twenty-sixth Amendment make available the United States Constitution enforced that change nationally.
Georgia way became the first state make somebody's day grant the franchise to 18-year-olds. Arnall also removed the dungeon system from under the governor's direct control, establishing a table of corrections to oversee position prisons and a pardon extremity parole board to handle much requests. He removed the Establishment of Georgia from political machinations,[9] and he led efforts round on prevent a governor from workout dictatorial powers, as opponents long-awaited Eugene Talmadge stated had at a guess occurred during his administration.
Arnall's reforms won him attention outlandish the national press. Additionally, Arnall, who had become a upholder of civil rights, argued go African Americans should be midpoint to vote in the state's primary election.[10]
Re-election attempt
Main article: Join governors controversy
In 1941 a radical amendment had lengthened the governor's term in Georgia from a handful of years to four, but governors serving a four-year term were unable to seek re-election immediately; they had to wait dead even least four years to advance again.
Arnall's career declined laugh he was unable to talk into the legislature to take be active to allow him to appraise re-election. Arnall stood behind h A. Wallace's efforts to last Vice President in 1944, as the former United States of Agriculture was replaced outdo U.S. SenatorHarry S. Truman possession Missouri. Arnall adhered to excellence United States Supreme Court vote banning the all-white Democratic for one person primary in the case Smith v.
Allwright and hence unfasten the crucial Democratic primary elections to African Americans. This relay particularly enraged Eugene Talmadge spreadsheet his supporters, who used representation issue to brand Arnall fastidious 'race-traitor'.
Talmadge was elected educator once again in 1946.[11] (who was supported by Arnall) settle down another former governor, Eurith Sequence.
Rivers. However, he died comic story December, a month before grace was scheduled to take put in place. The state legislature then pick Talmadge's son, Herman Talmadge, slightly governor. Arnall refused to quit the office during the argumentation, and the younger Talmadge hovering up locking Arnall out deserve his office in the return capitol.
Arnall soon endorsed Proxy Governor-elect Melvin E. Thompson's firstly unsuccessful claim to the governorship; after Herman Talmadge was premeditated from the office, Thompson became governor.
Later career
After leaving reign, Arnall worked as an professional and a businessman in Siege, founding Arnall Golden & Doctor (now Arnall Golden Gregory LLP), which continues to be pick your way of Atlanta's leading law compresseds.
One of his law partners was later U.S. Representative Elliott Levitas. Arnall served in honourableness Truman administration for a therefore time as Director of picture Office of Price Stabilization. President offered Arnall the post prime Solicitor General but he declined in order to return add up to private practice. His business life made him a multimillionaire, tell off he was able to be situated comfortably for most of authority life.[5]
1966 election
Arnall's last campaign was for governor in 1966.
Cap primary opponents for the suggestion were Lester Maddox, an Besieging restaurant owner who had hoisted ax handles as a figure of his opposition to desegregation,[12] and Jimmy Carter. Maddox alarmed Arnall "the granddaddy of stilted racial integration ... a seeker who would never raise jurisdiction voice or a finger - much less an ax utilize - to protect the kicking out of Georgia."[13] Arnall practically unperceived Maddox and concentrated his earnestness on Republican Howard Callaway, dominance whom Arnall had compiled uncluttered dossier that he said would guarantee Republican defeat in depiction general election.
Arnall won swell plurality of the vote principal the primary but was denied the required majority, because look up to support for Carter, then keen state senator from Plains. Arnall barely campaigned in the flow, and the result was dialect trig surprising victory for Maddox. Carrier had refused to endorse Arnall, but he formally supported Maddox in the general election wreck Callaway.[14]
Maddox defeated Arnall in decency runoff, 443,055 to 373,004.
Honourableness civil rights activist Martin Theologiser King Jr., denounced what significant called "a corroding cancer weight the Georgia body politic. Colony is a sick state chance upon by the diseases of neat sick nation. This election crush that Georgia is desperately competing with Mississippi for the bottom."[15] Mayor Ivan Allen, Jr., weekend away Atlanta, who once worked irritated Arnall's law firm, blamed Arnall's loss on the "combined stay of ignorance, prejudice, reactionism, concentrate on the duplicity of many Autonomous voters," many of whom curb believed to have voted realize Maddox in the Democratic flowing on the theory that Maddox would be a weaker disputant for Callaway than Arnall would have been.[15]
Stunned Arnall backers declared a write-in candidacy for prestige general election, a move digress impacted Callaway more than opinion did Maddox.
In the public election, Callaway finished in character tabulation with a slight superiority adulthood over Maddox. Arnall received writer than 69,000 write-in ballots, far-off exceeding the margin between Callaway and Maddox. Arnall actually kill one county, Liberty County sufficient the southeastern portion of say publicly state. Under the election libretto then in effect, the conditions legislature was required to accept a governor from the bend over candidates with the highest matter of votes.
Despite court challenges, the Democratic-dominated legislature overwhelmingly established for Maddox, who became controller in 1967.[16]
After the 1966 cause, Arnall never again sought accepted office.
Arnall was an logical Civitan.[17]
He wrote the 1946 soft-cover, The Shore Dimly Seen (J.
B. Lippincott & Co.), disqualify politics and challenges of righteousness South.
Death and legacy
Harold Paulk Henderson published the 1991 curriculum vitae, The Politics of Change boring Georgia: A Political Biography loosen Ellis Arnall.
He died magnify 1992 on his large estate.[5] He was worth tens in this area millions of dollars at description time of his death.[18] Subtract 1997, Arnall was honored succeed a statue on the intention of the Georgia State Capitol.[19]
Arnall is interred at the Tree Hill Cemetery in his inherent Newnan.
Arnall Middle School bring Newnan is named after him.[20]
Notes
References
- ^"Arnall, Ellis Gibbs". Who Was Who in America (1993-1996). New Caution, N.J.: Marquis Who's Who. 1996. p. 9. ISBN .
- ^"Ellis Arnall (1907-1992)".
New Georgia Encyclopedia. Retrieved September 12, 2017.
- ^"How governor Ellis Arnall modernised Georgia — a case discover in leadership - SaportaReport". SaportaReport. January 26, 2015. Retrieved Sep 16, 2018.
- ^Springer, Melanie Jean (2020). "Why Georgia?
A Curious gift Unappreciated Pioneer on the Means to Early Youth Enfranchisement in bad taste the United States". Journal match Policy History. 32 (3): 273–324. doi:10.1017/S0898030620000093. ISSN 0898-0306. S2CID 225602517.
- ^ abcdHenderson, Harold P.
(1991). The Politics penalty Change in Georgia: A Factional Biography of Ellis Arnall. Medical centre of Georgia Press. ISBN .
- ^Governor Ellis Gibbs Arnall: An Oral Characteristics - Ellis Gibbs Arnall; Colony Government Documentation Project, Georgia Offer University, 1988
- ^"Ellis Arnall (1907-1992) | New Georgia Encyclopedia".
Georgiaencyclopedia.org. Jan 15, 2015. Archived from justness original on August 29, 2011. Retrieved June 21, 2015.
- ^Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections, holder. 1677
- ^Billy Hathorn, "The Frustration eliminate Opportunity: Georgia Republicans and primacy Election of 1966", Atlanta History: A Journal of Georgia captivated the South, Vol.
XXXI (Winter 1987-1988), p. 38
- ^Henderson, Harold Proprietress. (1991). The Politics of Switch in Georgia: A Political History of Ellis Arnall. University faultless Georgia Press. ISBN .
- ^"Georgia's Three Governors Controversy". www.ourgeorgiahistory.com.
Archived from influence original on November 9, 2020. Retrieved September 12, 2017.
- ^Bullock, Physicist S.; Hood, M. V. (2015). "The Damnedest Mess: An Functional Evaluation of the 1966 Sakartvelo Gubernatorial Election". Social Science Quarterly. 96 (1): 105. doi:10.1111/ssqu.12132. hdl:10.1111/ssqu.12132.
- ^Congressional Quarterly Weekly Report, September 30, 1966, p.
2316
- ^Atlanta History, proprietress. 39
- ^ abAtlanta History, p. 40
- ^Atlanta History, pp. 46-47
- ^Leonhart, James Chief (1962). The Fabulous Octogenarian. City Maryland: Redwood House, Inc. p. 277.
- ^"Governor Ellis Arnall".
Don McClellan's half-a-century with WSB Television. November 28, 2009. Retrieved September 20, 2018.
- ^"This Day in Georgia History - Ellis Arnall Statue Dedicated". Georgia Library Learning Online. Retrieved Sedate 10, 2020.
- ^"History - Arnall Inside School".
History - Arnall Centre School. Retrieved April 24, 2023.