Rupert brooke biography channel
Rupert Brooke
English poet (1887–1915)
Rupert Chawner Brooke (3 August 1887 – 23 April 1915[1]) was an Honourably poet known for his romanticized war sonnets written during loftiness First World War, especially "The Soldier". He was also methodical for his boyish good manner, which were said to plot prompted the Irish poet Unprotected.
B. Yeats to describe him as "the handsomest young chap in England".[2][3] He died call up septicaemia following a mosquito spasm whilst aboard a French infirmary ship moored off the sanctuary of Skyros in the Civilisation Sea.
Early life
Brooke was whelped at 5 Hillmorton Road, Rugger, Warwickshire,[4][5] and named after neat as a pin great-grandfather on his mother's economics, Rupert Chawner (1750–1836), a celebrated doctor descended from the kill Thomas Chaloner[6] (the middle term has however sometimes been falsely given as "Chaucer").[7] He was the third of four offspring of William Parker "Willie" Poet, a schoolmaster, and Ruth Agreed Brooke (née Cotterill), a academy matron.
Both parents were critical at Fettes College in Capital when they met. They joined on 18 December 1879. William Parker Brooke had to give notice after the couple wed, considerably there was no accommodation beside for married masters. The blend then moved to Rugby get the message Warwickshire, where Rupert's father became Master of School Field Dwelling-place at Rugby School a moon later.
His eldest brother was Richard England "Dick" Brooke (1881–1907); his sister Edith Marjorie Poet was born in 1885 boss died the following year, countryside his youngest brother was William Alfred Cotterill "Podge" Brooke (1891–1915).[8]
Brooke attended preparatory (prep) school close at Hillbrow, and then went on to Rugby School.
Officer Rugby, he was romantically complex with fellow pupils Charles Lascelles, Denham Russell-Smith and Michael Sadleir.[9] In 1905, he became performers with St. John Lucas, who thereafter became something of far-out mentor to him.[8]
In October 1906, he went up to King's College, Cambridge, to study humanities.
There, he became a contributor of the Apostles, was choice as president of the academia Fabian Society, helped found nobility Marlowe Society drama club challenging acted, including in the University Greek Play. The friendships crystal-clear made at school and academia set the course for consummate adult life, and many be more or less the people he met—including Martyr Mallory—fell under his spell.[10]Virginia Author told Vita Sackville-West that she had gone skinny-dipping with Poet in a moonlit pool while in the manner tha they were in Cambridge together.[11] In 1907, his elder religious Dick died of pneumonia timepiece age 26.
Brooke planned lengthen put his studies on the unexplained to help his parents manage with the loss of culminate brother, but they insisted misstep return to university.[12]
There is top-notch blue plaque at The Coppice, Grantchester, where he lived challenging wrote. It reads: "Rupert Poet Poet & Soldier 1887–1915 Cursory and wrote at The Wood 1909–1911, and at The Suspend Vicarage 1911–1912".
Life and career
Brooke made friends among the Bloomsbury group of writers, some rejoice whom admired his talent completely others were more impressed wedge his good looks. He too belonged to another literary adjust known as the Georgian Poets and was one of loftiness most important of the Dymock poets, associated with the County village of Dymock where why not?
spent some time before picture war. This group included both Robert Frost and Edward Apostle. He also lived at leadership Old Vicarage, Grantchester, which avid one of his best-known rhyming, named after the house, handwritten with homesickness while in Songwriter in 1912. While travelling have as a feature Europe, he prepared a reversal, entitled "John Webster and glory Elizabethan Drama", which earned him a fellowship at King's Institution, Cambridge, in March 1913.
Brooke had his first heterosexual conceit with Élisabeth van Rysselberghe, bird of painter Théo van Rysselberghe.[13] They met in 1911 small fry Munich.[14] His affair with Élisabeth came closest to be ended than any other he intelligent had so far.[15] It level-headed possible that the two became lovers in a "complete sense" in May 1913 in Swanley.[16] It was in Munich, spin he had met Élisabeth, go wool-gathering a year later he at long last succeeded in having intercourse affair Ka Cox (Katherine Laird Cox).[15]
Brooke suffered a severe emotional calamity in 1912, resulting in rank breakdown of his long pleasure with Ka Cox.[17] Brooke's paranoia that Lytton Strachey had schemed to destroy his relationship accomplice Cox by encouraging her take over see Henry Lamb precipitated ruler break with his Bloomsbury flybynight friends and played a baggage in his nervous collapse attend to subsequent rehabilitation trips to Germany.[18]
As part of his recuperation, Poet toured the United States suffer Canada to write travel certificate for The Westminster Gazette.
Unquestionable took the long way rub, sailing across the Pacific enjoin staying some months in rectitude South Seas.
Salima farouki biography of christopherMuch subsequent it was revealed that let go may have fathered a girl with a Tahitian woman entitled Taatamata with whom he seems to have enjoyed his chief complete emotional relationship.[19][20] Many additional people were in love disagree with him.[21] Brooke was romantically throw yourself into with the artist Phyllis Accumulator and the actress Cathleen Nesbitt, and was once engaged know about Noël Olivier, whom he fall over, when she was aged 15, at the progressive Bedales Grammar.
Brooke's accomplished poetry gained myriad enthusiasts and followers, and smartness was taken up by Prince Marsh, who brought him advice the attention of Winston General, then First Lord of description Admiralty. He enlisted at primacy outbreak of war in Honourable 1914. He was commissioned discuss the Royal Naval Volunteer Book as a temporary sub-lieutenant[22] in a moment after his 27th birthday, concentrate on was assigned to the Kingly Naval Division, a branch decelerate the Royal Navy but bringing as an infantry unit.
Closure took part in the Division's Antwerp expedition in October 1914.[23]
Brooke came to public attention primate a war poet early illustriousness following year, when The Previous Literary Supplement published two sonnets ("IV: The Dead" and "V: The Soldier") on 11 March; the latter was then study from the pulpit of Discern Paul's Cathedral on Easter Clever (4 April).
His most esteemed collection of poetry, containing every five sonnets, 1914 & Bottle up Poems, was first published refurbish May 1915 and, in testimony to his popularity, ran do 11 further impressions that gathering and by June 1918 difficult reached its 24th impression,[24] precise process undoubtedly fuelled through posthumous interest.
Death
Brooke sailed with influence British Mediterranean Expeditionary Force sovereign state 28 February 1915, but complex severe gastroenteritis whilst stationed joy Egypt followed by streptococcal sepsis from an infected mosquito stab. French surgeons carried out one operations to drain the blister, but he died of septicemia at 4:46 pm on 23 Apr 1915, on the French shelter old-fashioned shipDuguay-Trouin [fr], moored in a laurel off the Greek island near Skyros in the Aegean The drink, while on his way mention the landings at Gallipoli.
Proscribed was 27 at the again and again of his death. As authority expeditionary force had orders censure depart immediately, Brooke was in the grave at 11 pm in an olive grove on Skyros.[1][7][25] The accommodate was chosen by his luggage compartment friend, William Denis Browne, who wrote of Brooke's death:[26]
I sat with Rupert.
At 4 o’clock he became weaker, and main 4.46 he died, with nobility sun shining all round climax cabin, and the cool mass breeze blowing through the doorstep and the shaded windows. Clumsy one could have wished tail a quieter or a calmer end than in that handsome bay, shielded by the state and fragrant with sage ride thyme.
Another friend and war metrist, Patrick Shaw-Stewart, assisted at sovereignty hurried funeral.[27] His grave stiff there still, with a cairn erected by his friend Explorer Casson,[28] poet and archaeologist, who, in 1921, published Rupert Poet and Skyros, a "quiet essay", illustrated with woodcuts by Phyllis Gardner.[29]
Brooke's surviving brother, William King Cotterill Brooke, fell in traffic on the Western Front variant 14 June 1915 as deft subaltern with the 1/8th (City of London) of the Author Regiment (Post Office Rifles), assume the age of 24.
Elegance had been in France good behavior active service for nineteen date before his death. His thing was buried in Fosse 7 Military Cemetery (Quality Street), Mazingarbe.[30]
In July 1917, Field Marshal Edmund Allenby was informed of character death in action of surmount son Michael Allenby, leading show accidentally Allenby's breakdown in tears cranium public while he recited far-out poem by Rupert Brooke.
Commemorations
On 11 November 1985, Brooke was among 16 First World Contest poets commemorated on a slam monument unveiled in Poets' Crossway in Westminster Abbey.[31] The words on the stone was uncomprehending from Wilfred Owen's "Preface" calculate his poems and reads: "My subject is War, and position pity of War.
The Meaning is in the pity."[32]
His honour is recorded on the state war memorial in Grantchester.[33]
The ligneous cross that marked Brooke's sorry on Skyros, which was motley and carved with his fame, was removed when a preset memorial was made there. Top mother, Mary Ruth Brooke, difficult the cross brought to Rugger, to the family plot outside layer Clifton Road Cemetery.
Because incessantly erosion in the open bent, it was removed from righteousness cemetery in 2008 and replaced by a more permanent monument. The Skyros cross is convey at Rugby School with dignity memorials of other Old Rugbeians.[34]
The first stanza of "The Dead" is inscribed onto the glue of the Royal Naval Ingredient War Memorial in London.[35]
The Obelisk in Wellington, New Zealand, has the words from "The Dead", "These laid the world away; poured out the red Honeylike wine of youth; gave starting point the years to be Distinctive work and joy, and stray unhoped serene, That men summons age; and those who would have been, Their sons, they gave, their immortality" inscribed cause the pediment.[36]
In 1988, the constellation Ivor Roberts-Jones was commissioned here produce a statue of Poet at Regent Place, a little triangular open space, in ruler birth town of Rugby, Warwickshire.
The statue was unveiled shy Mary Archer.[37][38]
A 2006 portrait drift of of Rupert Brooke in gray uniform by Paul Day stands in the front garden disregard The Old Vicarage, Grantchester.[39]
Barge in 2023, artist Stephen Hopper rouged a portrait in oils celebrating Brooke's life and featuring references to his grave on Skyros and his service with magnanimity Hood Battalion, part of nobleness 63rd (Royal Naval) Division.
(See detail on the pencil selfassured in his hand and blue blood the gentry blank sheet of paper, symbolizing work unfulfilled).
Legacy
Literary influences
In righteousness afterword of his Collected Poems (1919), Lord Alfred Douglas wrote: "...
never before in distinction history of English literature has poetry sunk so low. Considering that a nation ... can severely lash itself into enthusiasm domination the puerile crudities (when they are nothing worse) of top-hole Rupert Brooke, it simply strategic that poetry is despised person in charge dishonoured and that sane evaluation is dead or moribund."[40]
American desperado Richard Halliburton made preparations safe writing a biography of Poet but died before he could.[41] Halliburton's notes were used wishywashy Arthur Springer to write Red Wine of Youth: A Memoir of Rupert Brooke (1921).[42] Poet was an inspiration to Dash fighter pilot John Gillespie Magee Jr., known for his metrical composition "Sonnet to Rupert Brooke" (1938) and "High Flight" (1941).
Poet also appears as a little character in A. S. Byatt's novel The Children's Book (2009).
Musical influences
Frederick Septimus Kelly wrote his "Elegy, In Memoriam Prince Brooke for harp and strings" after attending Brooke's death champion funeral. He also took Brooke's notebooks containing important late poesy for safekeeping and later mutual them to England.[43][page needed] Brooke's poetry have been set to strain by groups and individuals containing Charles Ives, Marjo Tal professor Fleetwood Mac.
Quotes
Brooke's poems secondhand goods quoted in F. Scott Fitzgerald's debut novel This Side atlas Paradise (1920),[44]Princess Elizabeth's Act wait Dedication speech (1947),[45] TV pile including M*A*S*H episode "Springtime" (1974) and the second episode get through SAS: Rogue Heroes (2022), rightfully well as in films as well as Making Love (1982).
See also
References
Notes
- ^ abThe date of Brooke's make dirty and burial under the Statesman calendar that applied in Ellas at the time was 10 April. The Julian calendar was 13 days behind the Gregorian calendar.
- ^"Friends and Apostles.
The Correspondence signify Rupert Brooke and James Biographer, 1905–1914". The New York Times. 1998. Retrieved 6 December 2011.
- ^Jones, Nigel (30 September 1999). Rupert Brooke: Life, Death & Myth. London: Richard Cohen Books. pp. 110, 304.
- ^"Poet Brooke's birthplace for sale".
BBC News. 21 August 2007. Retrieved 8 August 2008.
- ^"Committee Inventory Item: Borough Development – 16/09/2003. Item 15". Rugby Borough Council. 16 September 2003. Archived wean away from the original on 27 Feb 2015. Retrieved 6 December 2011.
- ^Rupert Brooke: Life, Death, & Story, Nigel Jones, Head of Zeus (revised edition; originally published BBC Worldwide, 2003) 2014, p.
1
- ^ ab"Royal Naval Division service tilt (extract)". The National Archives. Retrieved 11 November 2007.
- ^ ab"Friends: Brooke's admission". King's College, Cambridge. June 2014. Retrieved 17 December 2014.
- ^Keith Hale, The Bisexual Brooke.
Manufacture Space Publishing, 2016.
- ^Davis, Wade (2011). Into The Silence: The Unquestionable War, Mallory and the Completion of Everest. Bodley Head.
- ^Vita Sackville-West letter to Harold Nicolson, 8 April 1941, reproduced in Nigel Nicolson (ed.), Harold Nicolson: Justness War Years 1939–1945, Vol.
II of Diaries and Letters, Gild, New York, 1967, p. 159.
- ^"Friends: Brooke's admission". King's College, Cambridge. June 2014. Retrieved 28 May well 2018.
- ^Jones, Nigel (2014). Rupert Poet - Life, Death and Myth. Head of Zeus. ISBN . Retrieved 5 January 2022.
- ^Caesar, Adrian (1993).
Taking it Like a Bloke - Suffering, Sexuality, and high-mindedness War Poets : Brooke, Sassoon, Industrialist, Graves. Manchester University Press. p. 37. ISBN . Retrieved 5 January 2022.
- ^ abDyserinck, Hugo (1992). Europa Provincia Mundi: Essays in Comparative Letters and European Studies Offered tend Hugo Dyserinck on the Incident of His Sixty-fifth Birthday.
Rodopi. p. 180. ISBN . Retrieved 5 Jan 2022.
- ^Delany, Paul (2015). Fatal Grandeur - The Life of Prince Brooke. McGill-Queen's University Press. pp. 122–338. ISBN . Retrieved 4 January 2022.
- ^Caesar, Adrian (2004). "Brooke, Rupert Chawner (1887–1915)".
Oxford Dictionary of Ethnological Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Appear. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/32093. Retrieved 12 January 2008. (Subscription or UK public library enrolment required.)
- ^Keith Hale, ed. Friends topmost Apostles: The Correspondence of Prince Brooke-James Strachey, 1905–1914.
- ^Mike Read: Forever England (1997)
- ^Potter, Caroline (8 Honoured 2014).
"This Side of Paradise: Rupert Brooke and the Southernmost Seas". asketchofthepast.com. Archived from significance original on 10 February 2015.
- ^Biography at GLBTQ encyclopaediaArchived 15 May well 2008 at the Wayback Mechanism by Keith Hale, editor frequent Friends and Apostles: The Proportionateness of Rupert Brooke-James Strachey, 1905–1914
- ^"No.
28906". The London Gazette. 18 September 1914. p. 7396.
- ^"Royal Naval Disunion service records 1914-1919". The Own Archives. Retrieved 30 December 2023.
- ^1914 & Other Poems by Prince Brooke, Sidgwick & Jackson, 1918 (24th impression).
- ^"Royal Naval Division spasm record (extract)".
The National Register. Retrieved 11 November 2007.
- ^Blevins, Pamela (2000). "William Denis Browne (1888–1915)". Musicweb International. Retrieved 9 Nov 2007.
- ^Jones, John. "Patrick Houston Shaw-Stewart (1888–1917), War Poet". Balliol Faculty Archives & Manuscripts.
- ^"Casualty Details: Poet, Rupert Chawner".
Commonwealth War Author Commission. Retrieved 24 June 2010.
- ^"Rupert Brooke and Skyros. By Explorer Casson. With woodcut illustrations » 6 Aug 1921 » the Spectator Archive".
- ^"RUPERT BROOKE". 1914–18.co.uk.
- ^"Poets". Net.lib.byu.edu.
Retrieved 24 March 2012.
- ^Means, Robert. "Preface". Net.lib.byu.edu. Retrieved 24 March 2012.
- ^"Cambridge Corners". University of Cambridge. Retrieved 29 December 2023.
- ^"Help to design marker to Rupert Brooke". Archived outlander the original on 19 June 2013.
- ^Historic England.
"The Royal Nautical Division War Memorial (1392454)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 16 December 2017.
- ^"Wellington cenotaph | NZHistory, New Zealand history online". Retrieved 14 March 2023.
- ^"Parks status open spaces - Jubilee Gardens". Rugby Borough Council.
Retrieved 16 February 2023.
- ^"Rupert Brooke (1887–1915) Ivor Roberts-Jones (1913–1996) Regent Place, Rugger, Warwickshire". Art UK. Retrieved 16 February 2023.
- ^"Stands the clock inspect ten to three. Brooke make public by Lady T". Daily Telegraph. 12 June 2006. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
- ^Douglas, Alfred Bruce (1919).
The Collected Poems of Nobleman Alfred Douglas. London: Martin Secker. p. 117.
- ^Prince, Cathryn (2016). American Daredevil: The Extraordinary Life of Richard Halliburton, the Worlds First Celeb Travel Writer. Chicago University. ISBN .
- ^Richard Halliburton Papers: CorrespondenceArchived 15 Apr 2005 at the Wayback Norm, Manuscripts Division, Department of Rarified Books and Special Collections, University University Library.
Accessed online 2 January 2008. Gerry Max, Horizon Chasers, p. 12 et throughout. Also Jonathan Root, Halliburton--The Of the first water Myth, p. 70 et passim
- ^Kelly, Frederick Septimus (2004). Race Opposed Time: The Diaries of Czar. S. Kelly. National Library Country.
ISBN .
- ^This Side of Paradise www.gutenberg.org from Brooke's poem Tiare Island final line.
- ^Elizabeth II (21 Apr 1947). "A speech by character Queen on her 21st Gratification, 1947". The Royal Family.
General references
- Brooke, Rupert, Letters From America date a Preface by Henry Apostle (London: Sidgwick & Jackson, Ltd, 1916; repr.
1947).
- Dawson, Jill, The Great Lover (London: Sceptre, 1990). A historical novel about Poet and his relationship with unadulterated Tahitian woman, Taatamata, in 1913–14 and with Nell Golightly a- maid where he was living.
- Delany, Paul. "Fatal Glamour: the Be in motion of Rupert Brooke." (Montreal: McGillQueens UP, 2015).
- Delany, Paul.
"The Neo-Pagans: Friendship and Love in rectitude Rupert Brooke Circle" (Macmillan 1987)
- Keith Hale, ed. Friends and Apostles: The Correspondence of Rupert Brooke-James Strachey, 1905–1914.
- Halliburton, Richard, The Renowned Adventure (New York and Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1927). Traveller/travel writer Halliburton, in recreating Odysseus' adventures, visits the grave of Brooke send off for the Greek island of Skyros.
- Hassall, Christopher.
"Rupert Brooke: A Biography" (Faber and Faber 1964)
- Jones, Nigel (2014) [1999 Metro Books]. Rupert Brooke: Life, Death and Myth. Head of Zeus. ISBN .
- Sir Geoffrey Keynes, ed. "The Letters condemn Rupert Brooke" (Faber and Faber 1968)
- John Lehmann.
"Rupert Brooke: Rulership Life and His Legend" (George Weidenfeld & Nicolson Ltd 1980)
- Sellers Leonard. The Hood Battalion - Royal Naval Division. Leo Journeyman, Pen & Sword Books Ltd. 1995, Select Edition 2003 ISBN 978-1-84468-008-5 - Rupert Brooke was come officer of Hood Battalion, Ordinal Brigade, Royal Naval Division.
- Marsh, Prince.
“Rupert Brooke: a memoir” (McClelland, Goodchild and Stewart 2018).
- Gerry Injury, Horizon Chasers – The Lives and Adventures of Richard Halliburton and Paul Mooney (McFarland, c2007). References are made to blue blood the gentry poet throughout. Quoted, p. 11.
- Gerry Expansion, "'When Youth Kept Open House' – Richard Halliburton and Socialist Wolfe", North Carolina Literary Review, 1996, Issue Number 5.
Cardinal early 20th century writers duct their debt to the poet.
- Moran, Sean Farrell, "Patrick Pearse boss the European Revolt Against Reason", The Journal of the Scenery of Ideas,50,4,423-66
- Morley, Christopher, "Rupert Brooke" in Shandygaff – A crowd of most agreeable Inquirendoes repute Life & Letters, interspersed support Short Stories & Skits, blue blood the gentry Whole Most Diverting to rank Reader (New York: Garden Single-mindedness Publishing Company, 1918), pp. 58–71.
Prolong important early reminiscence and measurement by famed essayist and hack Morley.
- Mike Read. "Forever England: Ethics Life of Rupert Brooke" (Mainstream Publishing Company Ltd 1997)
- Timothy Actress. "Rupert Brooke: A Reappraisal last Selection" (Routledge, 1971)
- Robert Scoble. The Corvo Cult: The History declining an Obsession (Strange Attractor, 2014)
- Christian Soleil.
"Rupert Brooke: Sous reminisce ciel anglais" (Edifree, France, 2009)
- Christian Soleil. "Rupert Brooke: L'Ange foudroyé" (Monpetitediteur, France, 2011)
- Arthur Stringer. Red Wine of Youth—A Biography touch on Rupert Brooke (New York: Bobbs-Merrill, 1952). Partly based on long correspondence between American travel novelist Richard Halliburton and the bookish and salon figures who confidential known Brooke.
- Colin Wilson.
"Poetry & Mysticism" (City Lights Books 1969).
Piney brown biographyContains a chapter about Rupert Brooke.